Permanent magnet, rotary electrical machine, and vehicle

A permanent magnet expressed by a composition formula:

• RpFeqMrCut(Co100-xAx)100-p-q-r-t
• where R represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of rare earth elements, M represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of Zr, Ti, and Hf, A is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ni, V, Cr, Mn, Al, Ga, Nb, Ta, and W, p represents a number satisfying 10.5≤q≤12.0 atomic percent, q represents a number satisfying 26≤q≤40 atomic percent, r represents a number satisfying 0.88≤r≤2.24 atomic percent, and t represents a number satisfying 3.5≤t≤13.5 atomic percent, and x is a number satisfying x≤20 atomic percent,
• the magnet comprising:
• a metal structure including a main phase having a Th2Zn17 crystal phase and a grain boundary phase provided between crystal grains of the main phase,
• wherein the main phase includes a cell phase having the Th2Zn17 crystal phase and a Cu-rich phase, the Cu-rich phase is provided to divide the cell phase and has a Cu concentration higher than the cell phase, and
• wherein a section including a c-axis of the Th2Zn17 crystal phase has a first region in the crystal grain and a second region in the crystal grain, the first region is provided in the cell phase divided by the Cu-rich phase, the second region is provided between the first region and the grain boundary phase in a direction perpendicular to the grain boundary phase and within a range of not less than 50 nm nor more than 200 nm from the grain boundary phase in the direction, the Cu-rich phase is provided between the first and second regions in the direction, the first region is farther from the grain boundary phase in the direction than the second region phase is, the first region is farther from the second region in the direction than the grain boundary phase is, the first region is provided more than 200 nm away from the second region in the direction, and a difference between a Cu concentration of the first region and a Cu concentration of the second region is 0.4 atomic percent or less.

A permanent magnet expressed by a composition formula:

• RpFeqMrCutCo100-p-q-r-t
• where R represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of rare earth elements, M represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of Zr, Ti, and Hf, p represents a number satisfying 10.5≤p≤12.0 atomic percent, q represents a number satisfying 26≤q≤40 atomic percent, r represents a number satisfying 0.88≤r≤2.24 atomic percent, and t represents a number satisfying 3.5≤t≤13.5 atomic percent,
• the magnet comprising:
• a metal structure including a main phase having a Th2Zn17 crystal phase and a grain boundary phase provided between crystal grains of the main phase,
• wherein the main phase includes a cell phase having the Th2Zn17 crystal phase and a Cu-rich phase, the Cu-rich phase is provided to divide the cell phase and has a Cu concentration higher than the cell phase,
• wherein a section including a c-axis of the Th2Zn17 crystal phase has a first region in the crystal grain and a second region in the crystal grain, the first region is provided in the cell phase divided by the Cu-rich phase, the second region is provided within a range of not less than 50 nm nor more than 200 nm from the grain boundary phase in a direction perpendicular to the grain boundary phase, and a difference between a Cu concentration of the first region and a Cu concentration of the second region is 0.4 atomic percent or less, and
• wherein the permanent magnet achieves a combination of a coercive force of 1720 kA/m or more, a residual magnetization of 1.235 T or less, and a squareness ratio of 93% or more.