US 10,950,903 B2Granted

Battery state estimation using electrode transient model

AssigneeGM Global Technology Operations LLC

InventorsCharles W. Wampler, II, Daniel R. Baker

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Abstract

An electrical system includes a battery pack, sensors, and a controller. The sensors configured output measured state signals indicative of an actual state of the battery back, including a respective actual voltage, current, and temperature of each of the multiple battery cells. The controller executes a method to generate, responsive to the measured state signals, an estimated state of the multiple battery cells using a respective open-circuit voltage and low-frequency transient voltage of each of the multiple battery cells. The controller estimates the low-frequency transient voltages using a porous electrode transient (PET) model as part of a model set, the PET model having open-circuit voltage elements representing uneven charge distribution within a cell electrode. State of charge (SOC) of the battery pack is estimated using the estimated voltages. An operating state of the electrical system is controlled in real-time responsive to the estimated SOC.

Claims20

Dependent claims

An electrical system comprising:

a battery pack with multiple battery cells each having an electrode;
a plurality of sensors configured to output measured state signals indicative of an actual state of the battery back, the actual state of the battery pack including a respective actual voltage, current, and temperature of each of the multiple battery cells;
and
a controller configured to:
receive the measured state signals;
generate, responsive to the measured state signals, an estimated voltage of the multiple battery cells using a respective open-circuit voltage and low-frequency transient voltage of each of the multiple battery cells, wherein the controller estimates the respective low-frequency transient voltages via a discretized porous electrode transient (PET) model having multiple open-circuit voltage elements in the form of an equivalent circuit model or partial differential equations that individually represent a charge distribution within a respective discretized layer of the electrode, wherein the multiple open-circuit voltage elements collectively represent an uneven charge distribution within the electrode;
estimate a state of charge (SOC) of the battery pack as an estimated SOC using the estimated voltage;
and
control an operating state of the electrical system in real-time responsive to the estimated SOC.

6 more elements

A battery state estimation method for use with an electrical system having a battery pack with multiple battery cells, each having an electrode, the method comprising:

measuring a respective actual voltage, current, and temperature of each of the multiple battery cells;
transmitting measured state signals indicative of the actual state of the battery back to a controller;
responsive to the measured state signals, generating an estimated voltage of the battery cells via the controller using a respective open-circuit voltage and low-frequency transient voltage of each of the multiple battery cells, including estimating the low-frequency transient voltages using a discretized porous electrode transient (PET) model having multiple open-circuit voltage elements in the form of an equivalent circuit model or partial differential equations that individually represent a charge distribution within a respective discretized layer of the electrode, wherein the multiple open-circuit voltage elements collectively represent an uneven charge distribution within an electrode of each of the multiple battery cells;
estimate a state of charge (SOC) of the battery pack via the controller as an estimated SOC using the estimated voltage of the battery cells;
and
responsive to the estimated SOC, controlling an operating state of the electrical system in real-time via the controller.

3 more elements

Dependencies are inferred from the claim text.

Facts

Application: 16/213,159Filed 7 Dec 2018
Published: US 2020/0185792 A111 Jun 2020
Granted: 16 Mar 2021
Term ends: Not estimatedThe source records don’t support an estimate.

Classification28 codes

B60L 3/12
Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy…:…
B60L 58/12
For monitoring or controlling batteries: responding to state of charge [SoC]
B60L 58/16
For monitoring or controlling batteries: responding to battery ageing, e.g. to the number of charging cycles or the state of health [SoH]
H01M 10/0525
Li-accumulators: rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries