High capacity electrodes
AssigneeSouth Dakota Board of Regents
InventorsHaiping Hong, David R. Salem, Gregory Lee Christensen, Ruidong Yang
Life of this patent
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Abstract
An electrode comprises carbon nanoparticles and at least one of metal particles, metal oxide particles, metalloid particles and/or metalloid oxide particles. A surfactant attaches the carbon nanoparticles and the metal particles, metal oxide particles, metalloid particles and/or metalloid oxide particles to form an electrode composition. A binder binds the electrode composition such that it can be formed into a film or membrane. The electrode has a specific capacity of at least 450 mAh/g of active material when cycled at a charge/discharge rate of about 0.1C.
Claims28
An electrode comprising:
- (a) carbon nanoparticles;
- wherein said carbon nanoparticles are in an amount between 5 wt. % and 95 wt. % of an electrode composition;
- (b) at least one of metal particles, metal oxide particles, metalloid particles and metalloid oxide particles, wherein the at least one of metal particles, metal oxide particles, metalloid particles and metalloid oxide particles comprises silicon, a silicon oxide, or a combination or alloy thereof;
- (c) a surfactant attaching said carbon nanoparticles to said at least one of metal particles, metal oxide particles, metalloid particles and metalloid oxide particles thereby forming said electrode composition;
- wherein the surfactant is an anionic, cationic, zwitterionic, amphoteric, or ampholytic surfactant;
- and
- (d) 0.1 wt. % to 40 wt. % of a binder for forming said electrode composition into a film or membrane;
- wherein said electrode is an anode and has a specific capacity of at least 500 mAh/g of active material when cycled at a charge/discharge rate of about 0.1C.
A battery comprising an anode, a cathode, and an electrolyte interposed therebetween, wherein said anode comprises:
- (a) carbon nanoparticles, wherein said carbon nanoparticles are in an amount between 5 wt. % and 95 wt. % of an anode composition;
- (b) at least one of metal particles, metal oxide particles, metalloid particles and metalloid oxide particles, wherein the at least one of metal particles, metal oxide particles, metalloid particles and metalloid oxide particles comprises silicon, a silicon oxide, or combination or alloy thereof;
- (c) a surfactant attaching said carbon nanoparticles to said at least one of metal particles, metal oxide particles, metalloid particles and metalloid oxide particles to form said anode composition;
- wherein the surfactant is an anionic, cationic, zwitterionic, amphoteric, or ampholytic surfactant;
- (d) 0.1 wt. % to 40 wt. % of a binder for forming said anode composition into a film or membrane;
- wherein said anode has a specific capacity of at least 500 mA-h/g of active material when cycled at a charge/discharge rate of about 0.1C.
An electrode prepared by the process of:
- (a) combining with a surfactant, carbon nanoparticles, and at least one of metal particles, metal oxide particles, metalloid particles and metalloid oxide particles to form an electrode composition, wherein the at least one of metal particles, metal oxide particles, metalloid particles and metalloid oxide particles comprises silicon, a silicon oxide, or combination or alloy thereof;
- wherein the surfactant is an anionic, cationic, zwitterionic, amphoteric, or ampholytic surfactant, and wherein the surfactant attaches the carbon nanoparticles to the at least one of metal particles, metal oxide particles, metalloid particles and metalloid oxide particles;
- (b) combining said electrode composition with a binder;
- (c) applying said electrode composition as a layer on a current collector, or forming said electrode composition as a free-standing film or membrane;
- wherein said carbon nanoparticles are in an amount between 5 wt. % and 95 wt. % of said electrode composition;
- and
- wherein said electrode is an anode and has a specific capacity of at least 500 mA-h/g of active material when cycled at a charge/discharge rate of about 0.1C.
Dependencies are inferred from the claim text.