Electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge and electrophotographic apparatus

A process cartridge that is detachably mountable on a main body of an electrophotographic apparatus,

• the process cartridge integrally supporting an electrophotographic photosensitive member and at least one unit selected from the group consisting of a charging unit, a developing unit, a transfer unit and a cleaning unit, wherein
• the electrophotographic photosensitive member comprises a support, an electroconductive layer and a photosensitive layer in this order, wherein
• the electroconductive layer contains a binder material and a metal oxide particle;
• the metal oxide particle has a core material containing a titanium oxide, and a covering layer which covers the core material and contains the titanium oxide;
• and
• when an oxygen deficiency ratio of the metal oxide particle is represented by A, an oxygen deficiency ratio of the core material is represented by B, and an oxygen deficiency ratio of the covering layer is represented by C, the following Expression (1) and Expression (2) are satisfied:
• A≤ 2/100 (1) and
• 10×B<C (2).

An electrophotographic apparatus comprising an electrophotographic photosensitive member, a charging unit, an exposing unit, a developing unit and a transfer unit, wherein

• the electrophotographic photosensitive member comprises a support, an electroconductive layer and a photosensitive layer in this order, wherein
• the electroconductive layer contains a binder material and a metal oxide particle;
• the metal oxide particle has a core material containing a titanium oxide, and a covering layer which covers the core material and contains the titanium oxide;
• and
• when an oxygen deficiency ratio of the metal oxide particle is represented by A, an oxygen deficiency ratio of the core material is represented by B, and an oxygen deficiency ratio of the covering layer is represented by C, the following Expression (1) and Expression (2) are satisfied:
• A≤ 2/100 (1) and
• 10×B<C (2).