Microfluidic assay for rapid optimization of cell electroporation

An apparatus for cell electroporation, the apparatus comprising:

• a structure comprising a constriction region having a volume defining a cross-sectional area that constricts with a curved geometry, wherein the constriction region is at least 2 mm long, wherein the structure is configured to contain cells having a plasma membrane and background media, the background media including an exogenous agent capable of translocating across a plasma membrane in an electroporated state;
• and
• an arrangement of electrodes arranged relative to the structure to produce levels of an electromagnetic field, at least one of the levels sufficient to electroporate at least a subset of the plasma membranes in at least a portion of the volume, the exogenous agent responsively translocating across at least some of the subset of the plasma membranes in the electroporated state into cells.