A pharmaceutical composition, a nanoparticle, a particle, a liposome, a micelle, or an implant, comprising an antibody or single chain antibody fragment (scFV) that specifically targets, or specifically binds to, a 3-repeat (3R) Tau polypeptide and does not specifically recognize or bind to a 4-repeat (4R) Tau polypeptide, wherein the antibody or scFv comprises a VH domain MEQVNLRESGAEVKKPGASVKVSCKVSGYTFTGYY MHWVRQAPGQGLEWMGWINS NSGATKYAQKFQGRVTMTRDTSITT AYMELSSLRSDDTAVYYCARGARDGYGFDYW GQGTLVTVL (SEQ ID NO:
- 4) and a VL domain SYVLTQPPSASGTPGQRVTISCSGGSSNIGSNAVS WYQQLPGTAPK LLIFTNDQRPSGVPDRFSGSKSGTSAPLAISGLQS EDESDYYCATW DDSLNGWVFGGGTKVTV (SEQ ID NO:
- 6).