# US 10,945,676 B2 · System and method for blood typing using PPG technology

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- Number: US 10,945,676 B2
- Document ID: US10945676B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 16/019,518
- Filed: 2018-06-26
- Published: 2018-10-25
- Granted: 2021-03-16
- Earliest claimed: 2015-09-25
- Assignees: Sanmina Corporation
- Applicants: Sanmina Corporation
- Inventors: Robert Steven Newberry
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US10945676B2

## CPC

- A61B 5/7275: {Determining trends in physiological measurement data; Predicting development of a medical condition based on physiological measurements, e.g. determining a risk factor}
- A61B 5/0002: {Remote monitoring of patients using telemetry, e.g. transmission of vital signals via a communication network (endoradiosondes A61B5/07)}
- A61B 5/0022: {Monitoring a patient using a global network, e.g. telephone networks, internet}
- A61B 5/02416: {using photoplethysmograph signals, e.g. generated by infrared radiation (A61B5/14552 takes precedence)}
- A61B 5/14532: {for measuring glucose, e.g. by tissue impedance measurement}
- A61B 5/1455: using optical sensors, e.g. spectral photometrical oximeters
- A61B 5/14551: {for measuring blood gases}
- A61B 5/6817: {Ear canal}
- A61B 5/743: {Displaying an image simultaneously with additional graphical information, e.g. symbols, charts, function plots}
- A61B 5/6826: {Finger}
- A61B 5/7225: {Details of analogue processing, e.g. isolation amplifier, gain or sensitivity adjustment, filtering, baseline or drift compensation (input circuits for detecting, measuring, or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals A61B5/30; specific diagnostic methods using bioelectric or biomagnetic signals A61B5/316)}
- A61B 2560/0223: of calibration, e.g. protocols for calibrating sensors
- A61B: DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION (usefulness limited to only animals A61D)

## Abstract

A biosensor identifies a blood type using photoplethysmography (PPG) technology. A PPG circuit obtains a plurality of spectral responses at a plurality of wavelengths detected from skin of a user. A processing circuit determines a blood factor indicator using the plurality of spectral responses. The blood factor indicator may include a signal quality parameter or a ratio R value. A calibration database includes a correlation of the blood factor indicator to a plurality of blood types. The blood type of the user is identified using the blood factor indicator and the calibration database.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A biosensor, comprising:
an optical sensor circuit configured to obtain a plurality of spectral responses at a plurality of wavelengths detected from skin of a user;
a processing circuit configured to:
obtain a blood type of a user;
determine a first ratio R value using a first spectral response and a second spectral response of the plurality of spectral responses;
access a calibration database for the blood type of the user, wherein the calibration database associates predetermined ratio R values to patient vitals for each of a plurality of blood types; and
obtain a patient vital of the user using the first ratio R value, the calibration database and the blood type of the user.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The biosensor of claim 1, wherein the patient vital includes at least one of: oxygen saturation (SpO2), a concentration level of nitric oxide (NO), a concentration level of a liver enzyme, a concentration level of glucose, a concentration level of an electrolyte, a concentration of one or more species of hemoglobin, or a concentration level of another substance in a blood flow of the user.

### Claim 3 (depends on 2)

The biosensor of claim 2, wherein the calibration database includes a plurality of SpO2 calibrations, wherein each of the plurality of SpO2 calibrations associates a predetermined ratio R value to an oxygen saturation level for a different one of a plurality of blood types.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The biosensor of claim 1, wherein the processing circuit is further configured to:
determine an absorption spectra shift using a third spectral response and a fourth spectral response of the plurality of spectral responses;
access the calibration database, wherein the calibration database includes a plurality of calibrations that associate the absorption spectra shift to the patient vital for the plurality of specific blood types; and
obtain the patient vital of the user using the absorption spectra shift, the calibration database and the blood type of the user.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The biosensor of claim 1, wherein the processing circuit is configured to obtain the blood type of the user by one or more of:
receiving a user input including the blood type of the user;
accessing a memory device, wherein the memory device stores the blood type of the user; or
identifying the blood type of the user using one or more spectral responses of the plurality of spectral responses detected by the PPG circuit.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The biosensor of claim 1, wherein the optical sensor circuit is configured to obtain the plurality of spectral responses at the plurality of wavelengths detected from skin of the user by at least one of:
detecting reflected light from skin of the user; or
detecting transmissive light from skin of the user.

### Claim 7

A device, comprising:
an optical sensor circuit configured to obtain a plurality of spectral responses at a plurality of wavelengths detected from skin of a user;
a memory device configured for storing correlations between a plurality of R values and a patient vital for each of a plurality of blood types, wherein the correlations are different between the plurality of R values and the patient vital for at least two of the plurality of blood types;
a processing circuit configured to:
obtain a blood type of the user;
determine a first ratio R value using a first spectral response and a second spectral response;
and
access the memory device to obtain a correlation between the first ratio R value and the patient vital for the blood type of the user.

### Claim 8 (depends on 7)

The device of claim 7, wherein the patient vital is an oxygen saturation value and wherein the memory device is configured for storing different correlations between a plurality of R values and oxygen saturation values for each of a plurality of different blood types.

### Claim 9 (depends on 7)

The device of claim 7, wherein the memory device is configured for storing correlations between a plurality of R values and oxygen saturation values for each of a plurality of blood types.

### Claim 10 (depends on 9)

The device of claim 9, wherein the processing circuit is configured to determine the first ratio R value using the first spectral response and the second spectral response by:
determining the first ratio R using an AC component of the first spectral response and an AC component of the second spectral response.

### Claim 11 (depends on 10)

The device of claim 10, wherein the processing circuit is further configured to:
access the memory device to obtain a correlation between the first ratio R value and an oxygen saturation value for the blood type of the user; and
determine an oxygen saturation for the user using the correlation.

### Claim 12 (depends on 11)

The device of claim 11, wherein the device includes a pulse oximeter included in a user device.

### Claim 13 (depends on 7)

The device of claim 7, wherein the patient vital includes a concentration level of a substance in a blood flow of the user.

### Claim 14 (depends on 13)

The device of claim 13, wherein the patient vital includes one or more of: a concentration level of nitric oxide (NO), a concentration level of a liver enzyme, a concentration level of an electrolyte, or a concentration of one or more species of hemoglobin.

### Claim 15 (depends on 7)

The device of claim 7, wherein the processing circuit is configured to obtain a blood type of the user by at least one of:
processing a user input including the blood type of the user;
accessing the memory device, wherein the memory device is configured to store the blood type of the user; or
measuring a blood type of the user.

### Claim 16

A pulse oximeter, comprising:
an optical sensor circuit configured to obtain a plurality of spectral responses at a plurality of wavelengths detected from skin of a user;
a memory device configured to store oxygen saturation levels and associated ratio R values for a plurality of blood types, wherein the oxygen saturation levels are different for the associated ratio R values for at least two different blood types of the plurality of blood types; and
a processing circuit configured to:
obtain a blood type of a user;
determine a first ratio R value using a first spectral response and a second spectral response; and
accessing the memory device and using the first ratio R value and the blood type of the user to determine an oxygen saturation level for the user.

### Claim 17 (depends on 16)

The pulse oximeter of claim 16, wherein the processing circuit is configured to determine the first ratio R value from a ratio of alternating current (AC) signal components in the first spectral response and the second spectral response.

### Claim 18 (depends on 16)

The pulse oximeter of claim 16, wherein the memory device is configured to store two or more of:
a first correlation of oxygen saturation levels and associated R values for an O blood type;
a second correlation of oxygen saturation levels and associated R values for an A blood type;
a third correlation of oxygen saturation levels and associated R values for a B blood type; and
a fourth correlation of oxygen saturation levels and associated R values for an AB blood type.

### Claim 19 (depends on 16)

The pulse oximeter of claim 16, wherein the processing circuit configured to obtain a blood type of the user by:
processing a user input including the blood type of the user;
accessing the memory device, wherein the memory device is configured to store the blood type of the user; or
measuring a blood type of the user.