# US 10,945,663 B2 · Smart sensing systems and related methods

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- Number: US 10,945,663 B2
- Document ID: US10945663B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 15/518,712
- Filed: 2015-11-04
- Published: 2017-08-10
- Granted: 2021-03-16
- Earliest claimed: 2014-11-04
- Assignees: North Carolina State University
- Applicants: North Carolina State University
- Inventors: Alper Bozkurt; Tushar Ghosh; Michael McKnight
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US10945663B2

## CPC

- A61B 5/6808: {Diapers}
- A61B 5/02405: {Determining heart rate variability}
- A61B 5/0537: Measuring body composition by impedance, e.g. tissue hydration or fat content
- A61B 5/0816: {Measuring devices for examining respiratory frequency (measuring frequency of electric signals G01R23/00)}
- A61B 5/1126: {using a particular sensing technique}
- A61B 5/208: {adapted to determine urine quantity, e.g. flow, volume}
- A61B 5/282: Holders for multiple electrodes (for introduction into the body A61B5/287)
- A61B 5/6804: {Garments; Clothes}
- A61F 13/42: with wetness indicator or alarm
- D01D 5/253: with a non-circular cross section; Spinnerette packs therefor (D01D5/38 takes precedence)
- D02G 3/441: {Yarns or threads with antistatic, conductive or radiation-shielding properties (electroconductive, anti-static or radiation-shielding filaments D01F1/09, D01F1/106; anti-static fabrics D03D15/533; conducting, insulating or anti-static layers for floor coverings D06N7/0042)}
- D03D 1/0088: {Fabrics having an electronic function}
- D03D 11/00: Double or multi-ply fabrics not otherwise provided for
- F41H 1/02: Armoured or projectile- or missile-resistant garments; Composite protection fabrics {(F41H5/04 takes precedence)}
- G01L 1/14: by measuring variations in capacitance or inductance of electrical elements, e.g. by measuring variations of frequency of electrical oscillators
- G01L 1/205: {using distributed sensing elements}
- G01L 5/0014: {by using capacitive sensors}
- G01N 27/048: {for determining moisture content of the material}
- A41D 2400/00: Functions or special features of garments
- A61B 2562/125: characterised by the manufacture of electrodes
- A61F 13/08: Elastic stockings; for contracting aneurisms
- D10B 2401/18: including electronic components
- D10B 2403/02431: with electronic components, e.g. sensors or switches
- A61B: DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION (usefulness limited to only animals A61D)
- A61F: FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS (dental prosthetics A61C)
- D01D: MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D02G: CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
- D03D: WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
- F41H: ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
- G01L: MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE (weighing G01G)
- G01N: INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES (measuring or testing apparatus or processes other than immunoassay, involving enzymes or microorganisms C12M, C12Q)
- A41D: OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
- D10B: INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES

## Abstract

A smart patch including multi-component strands integrated into clothing or other textiles where the strands of the smart patch include sensory elements that can simultaneously measure tactile forces, moisture/wetness, and other signals, such as biopotentials. A sensing system comprising: a first set of strands including a plurality of first multi-component strands, each of the first multi-component strands including a conductive portion and a non-conductive portion; and a second set of strands including a plurality of second multi-component strands, each of the second multicomponent strands including a conductive portion and a non-conductive portion, and a plurality of third multi-component strands, each of the third multicomponent strands including a conductive portion and a non-conductive portion, the third multi-component strands being different than the first multi-component strands and the second multi-component strands.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A sensing system comprising:
a plurality of first multi-component strands, each of the first multi-component strands including an elongated conductive first portion and a plurality of elongated non-conductive portions positioned around the conductive first portion and extending along a length of the conductive first portion, wherein the elongated conductive first portion and the plurality of elongated non-conductive portions form an H configuration when viewed in cross-section;
a plurality of second multi-component strands interwoven with the first multi-component strands, each of the second multi-component strands including an elongated conductive second portion and a plurality of elongated non-conductive portions positioned around the conductive second portion and extending along a length of the conductive second portion; and
a plurality of third multi-component strands interwoven with the first multi-component strands and interwoven with the second multi-component strands, each of the third multi-component strands including an elongated conductive third portion and a plurality of elongated non-conductive portions positioned around the conductive third portion and extending along a length of the conductive third portion, the third multi-component strands being different than the first multi-component strands and the second multi-component strands;
wherein the second multi-component strands are oriented orthogonal relative to the first multi-component strands, and wherein the third multi-component strands are oriented orthogonal relative to the first multi-component strands and wherein a plurality of first texels are formed at an intersection where the non-conductive portions of the first multi-component strands and the non-conductive portion of the second multi-component strands are in contact and forming an air gap between the conductive first portion and the conductive second portion, and wherein a plurality of second texels are formed at an intersection where the non-conductive portions of the third multi-component strands and the non-conductive portions of the first multi-component strands are in contact and forming an air gap between the conductive first portion and the conductive third portion; and
a circuit electrically coupled to the first texels and the second texels, the circuit configured to concurrently detect a change in capacitance or a change in impedance at the first texels and a biopotential signal of the user at the second texels.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The sensing system of claim 1, wherein the conductive portion of the first multi-component strands, the second multicomponent strands, and the third multi-component strands comprises polymeric, metallic, or polymer/metallic materials.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The sensing system of claim 1, wherein the non-conductive portion of the first multi-component strands, the second multicomponent strands, and the third multi-component strands comprises polymeric material.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The sensing system of claim 1, wherein the circuit further comprises a wireless communications circuit configured to wirelessly transmit data from the first texels and the second texels to a remote computing device.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The sensing system of claim 1, wherein the change in capacitance determines whether a force is applied to the first texels.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The sensing system of claim 1, wherein the change in impedance determines whether a fluid is applied to the first texels.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The sensing system of claim 1, wherein the biopotential is an electrocardiogram (ECG) signal.

### Claim 8

A sensor patch comprising:
a first sensor formed at a first intersection of a first multi-component strand and a second multi-component strand, wherein the first multi-component strand forms an H configuration including a conductive first portion, a first insulator coupled to and orthogonally oriented relative to a first side of the conductive first portion and a second insulator coupled to and orthogonally oriented relative to a second side of the conductive first portion opposite the first side of the conductive first portion, the second multi-component strand includes a conductive second portion surrounded by a plurality of individual insulators, and wherein the first intersection includes an air gap separating the conductive first portion from the conductive second portion;
a second sensor formed at a second intersection of a third multi-component strand and the first multi-component strand, wherein the third multi-component strand includes a conductive third portion surrounded by a plurality of individual insulators, and wherein the second intersection includes an air gap separating the conductive first portion from the conductive third portion; and
a circuit electrically coupled to the first sensor to detect a change in capacitance and a change in impedance, the circuit electrically coupled to the second sensor to detect a biopotential from a user.

### Claim 9 (depends on 8)

The sensor patch of claim 8, wherein the circuit further comprises a wireless communications circuit configured to wirelessly transmit data from the first sensor and the second sensor to a remote computing device.

### Claim 10

A sensor patch comprising:
a plurality of first multi-component strands, each of the first multi-component strands having an H configuration formed by a conductive portion and two non-conductive portions;
a plurality of second multi-component strands;
a plurality of third multi-component strands;
a first texel formed at a first intersection of the two non-conductive portions of one of the first multi-component strands and a non-conductive portion of one of the second multi-component strands, wherein the two non-conductive portions of the first multi-component strand and the non-conductive portion of the second multi-component strand forms a first air gap at the first intersection;
a second texel formed at a second intersection of the two non-conductive portions of one of the first multi-component strands and a non-conductive portion of one of the second multi-component strands, wherein the two non-conductive portions of the first multi-component strand and the non-conductive portion of the second multi-component strand forms a second air gap at the second intersection; and
a third texel formed at a third intersection of the two non-conductive portions of one of the first multi-component strands and a non-conductive portion of one of the third multi-component strands, wherein the two non-conductive portions of the first multi-component strand and the non-conductive portion of the third multi-component strand forms a third air gap at the third intersection,
wherein the first texel is configured to detect presence of fluid, the second texel is configured to detect an applied force, and the third texel is configured to detect a biopotential.

### Claim 11 (depends on 10)

The sensor patch of claim 10, further comprising a circuit electrically coupled to the first texel to detect a change in impedance, to the second texel to detect a change in capacitance, and to the third texel to detect the biopotential from a user.

### Claim 12 (depends on 10)

The sensor patch of claim 10, wherein the circuit further comprises a wireless communications circuit configured to wirelessly transmit data from the first texel, the second texel, and the third texel to a remote computing device.

### Claim 13 (depends on 10)

The sensor patch of claim 10, wherein the first multi-component strands, the second multi-component strands, and the third multi-component strands include a conductive portion.

### Claim 14 (depends on 10)

The sensor patch of claim 10, wherein the third multi-component strand is different than the first multi-component strand and the second multi-component strand.

### Claim 15 (depends on 10)

The sensor patch of claim 10, wherein the first multi-component strand is different than the second multi-component strand.

### Claim 16

A flexible array of sensors comprising:
a first layer including a plurality of first multi-component strands interlaced with a plurality of second multi-component strands, at least one of the plurality of the first multi-component strands having an H configuration formed by a conductive portion and a plurality of entirely non-conductive portions positioned on opposite sides of the conductive portion;
a second layer including a plurality of third multi-component strands interlaced with the first multi-component strands;
a plurality of first sensors formed in the first layer at first air gaps due to contact between the non-conductive portions of the first multi-component strands and a non-conductive portion of the second multi-component strands, the first sensors configured to detect a change in capacitance;
a plurality of second sensors formed in the first layer at second air gaps due to contact between the non-conductive portions of the first multi-component strands and the non-conductive portion of the second multi-component strands, the second sensors configured to detect a change in impedance; and
a plurality of third sensors formed in the second layer at third air gaps due to contact between the non-conductive portions of the first multi-component strands and a non-conductive portion of the third multi-component strands, the third sensors configured to detect a signal.

### Claim 17 (depends on 16)

The flexible array of sensors of claim 16, wherein the plurality of first sensors, the plurality of second sensors, and the plurality of third sensors are connectable to a circuit to provide an output of the capacitance, the impedance, and the signal, respectively.