Membranes and methods of use thereof

A fluid filtration system comprising:

• a housing having a reservoir and a filter compartment;
• and
• a filter membrane comprising a block having a plurality of channels extending therethrough, the plurality of channels having a plurality of micropores along a wall of at least one channel of the plurality of channels,
• wherein the filter compartment is configured to receive the filter membrane therein,
• wherein the filter membrane is configured to guide fluid thereacross to remove substances from the fluid or to modify substances in the fluid,
• wherein at least one channel of the plurality of channels has a nanomaterial disposed along at least a portion of a wall of the at least one channel,
• wherein the filter membrane has a first trench extending along a first surface of the filter membrane;
• and
• wherein the trench cuts across the plurality of channels.

A membrane comprising:

• a block including an upper portion and a lower portion;
• a plurality of channels extending through the block from the upper portion of the membrane toward the lower portion of the membrane;
• and
• a nanomaterial disposed along walls of the plurality of channels, the nanomaterial configured to chemically interact with fluid flowing through the plurality of channels of the membrane,
• wherein a first trench is cut across at least one of an upstream portion of the membrane or a downstream portion of the membrane, and
• wherein the trench cuts across the plurality of channels.