# US 10,873,393 B2 · Receiver training for throughput increases in optical communications > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 10,873,393 B2 - Document ID: US10873393B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 16/387,784 - Filed: 2019-04-18 - Published: 2020-10-22 - Granted: 2020-12-22 - Earliest claimed: 2019-04-18 - Assignees: Microsoft Technology Licensing, LLC - Applicants: Microsoft Technology Licensing, LLC - Inventors: Amer Aref Hassan - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US10873393B2 ## CPC - H04B 10/07955: {Monitoring or measuring power} - H04B 10/66: Non-coherent receivers, e.g. using direct detection - G02B 6/4206: {Optical features (G02B6/4207, G02B6/421 take precedence)} - H04B 10/077: using a supervisory or additional signal - H04B 10/25: Arrangements specific to fibre transmission - H04J 14/00: Optical multiplex systems - H04J 14/0221: {Power control, e.g. to keep the total optical power constant} - H04B: TRANSMISSION - G02B: OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS - H04J: MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION (transmission in general H04B; peculiar to transmission of digital information H04L5/00; systems for the simultaneous or sequential transmission of more than one television signal H04N7/08; in exchanges H04Q11/00; stereophonic systems H04S) ## Abstract Disclosed in some examples, are optical devices, systems, and machine-readable mediums that send and receive multiple streams of data across a same optical communication path (e.g., a same fiber optic fiber) with a same wavelength using different light sources transmitting at different power levels—thereby increasing the bandwidth of each optical communication path. Each light source corresponding to each stream transmits at a same frequency and on the same optical communication path using a different power level. The receiver differentiates the data for each stream by applying one or more detection models to the photon counts observed at the receiver to determine likely bit assignments for each stream. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A method for receiving data over an optical communication path, the method comprising: calculating a first photon count of photons observed during a first time period when a first light source transmits at a first power level on a first wavelength over the optical communication path and a second light source does not transmit over the optical communication path; determining a first detection model from the first photon count, the first detection model producing an inference for whether a given photon count indicates that the first light source is activated at the first power level and the second light source is not activated; calculating a second photon count of photons observed during a second time period when the second light source transmits at a second power level on the first wavelength over the optical communication path and the first light source does not transmit over the optical communication path; determining a second detection model from the second photon count, the second detection model producing an inference for whether a given photon count indicates that the second light source is activated at a second power level and the first light source is not activated; calculating a third photon count of photons observed during a third time period when both the first light source transmits at the first power level and the second light source transmits at the second power level on the first wavelength over the optical communication path; determining a third detection model from the third photon count, the third detection model producing an inference for whether a given photon count indicates that both the first light source is activated at the first power level and the second light source is activated at a second power level; receiving a transmission over the optical communication path at the first wavelength during a fourth time period; determining a photon count of the transmission; determining a first inference that the transmission resulted from the first light source at the first power level using the first detection model, a second inference that the transmission resulted from the second light source at the second power level using the second detection model, and a third inference that the transmission resulted from the first and second light source together using the third detection model; and assigning bit values to, a first data stream corresponding to the first light source and a second data stream corresponding to the second light source, based upon the first, second, and third inferences, the first and second data streams stored in a memory of a computing device. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the first detection model is a Poisson distribution. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) The method of claim 2, wherein the first photon count is an average number of photons observed during the first time period. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein determining the first detection model comprises training a supervised learning machine learned model using the first photon count. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises: sending a first instruction to a controller of the first light source prior to the first time period; sending a second instruction to a controller of the second light source prior to the second time period; and sending a third instruction to the controller of the first light source and the controller of the second light source prior to the third time period. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the first and second light sources are in a same device. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the first and second light sources are in different devices. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the first, second, and third inferences are probabilities and wherein assigning bit values to the first data stream corresponding to the first light source and the second data stream corresponding to the second light source based upon the first, second, and third inferences comprises: determining that either the first or third inferences indicates a greatest probability, and, in response, assigning a value of one to the first data stream. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the first, second, and third inferences are probabilities and wherein assigning bit values to the first data stream corresponding to the first light source and the second data stream corresponding to the second light source based upon the first, second, and third inferences comprises: determining that either the second or third inferences indicates a greatest probability, and, in response, assigning a value of one to the second data stream. ### Claim 10 A device for receiving data over an optical communication path, the device comprising: a hardware processor configured to perform operations comprising: calculating a first photon count of photons observed during a first time period when a first light source transmits at a first power level on a first wavelength over the optical communication path and a second light source does not transmit over the optical communication path; determining a first detection model from the first photon count, the first detection model producing an inference for whether a given photon count indicates that the first light source is activated at the first power level and the second light source is not activated; calculating a second photon count of photons observed during a second time period when the second light source transmits at a second power level on the first wavelength over the optical communication path and the first light source does not transmit over the optical communication path; determining a second detection model from the second photon count, the second detection model producing an inference for whether a given photon count indicates that the second light source is activated at a second power level and the first light source is not activated; calculating a third photon count of photons observed during a third time period when both the first light source transmits at the first power level and the second light source transmits at the second power level on the first wavelength over the optical communication path; determining a third detection model from the third photon count, the third detection model producing an inference for whether a given photon count indicates that both the first light source is activated at the first power level and the second light source is activated at a second power level; receiving a transmission over the optical communication path at the first wavelength during a fourth time period; determining a photon count of the transmission; determining a first inference that the transmission resulted from the first light source at the first power level using the first detection model, a second inference that the transmission resulted from the second light source at the second power level using the second detection model, and a third inference that the transmission resulted from the first and second light source together using the third detection model; and assigning bit values to, a first data stream corresponding to the first light source and a second data stream corresponding to the second light source, based upon the first, second, and third inferences, the first and second data streams stored in a memory of a computing device. ### Claim 11 (depends on 10) The device of claim 10, wherein the first detection model is a Poisson distribution. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) The device of claim 11, wherein the first photon count is an average number of photons observed during the first time period. ### Claim 13 (depends on 10) The device of claim 10, wherein the operations of determining the first detection model comprises training a supervised learning machine learned model using the first photon count. ### Claim 14 (depends on 10) The device of claim 10, wherein the operations further comprises: sending a first instruction to a controller of the first light source prior to the first time period; sending a second instruction to a controller of the second light source prior to the second time period; and sending a third instruction to the controller of the first light source and the controller of the second light source prior to the third time period. ### Claim 15 (depends on 10) The device of claim 10, wherein the first and second light sources are in a same device. ### Claim 16 (depends on 10) The device of claim 10, wherein the first and second light sources are in different devices. ### Claim 17 (depends on 10) The device of claim 10, wherein the first, second, and third inferences are probabilities and wherein the operations of assigning bit values to the first data stream corresponding to the first light source and the second data stream corresponding to the second light source based upon the first, second, and third inferences comprises: determining that either the first or third inferences indicates a greatest probability, and, in response, assigning a value of one to the first data stream. ### Claim 18 (depends on 10) The device of claim 10, wherein the first, second, and third inferences are probabilities and wherein the operations of assigning bit values to the first data stream corresponding to the first light source and the second data stream corresponding to the second light source based upon the first, second, and third inferences comprises: determining that either the second or third inferences indicates a greatest probability, and, in response, assigning a value of one to the second data stream. ### Claim 19 (depends on 10) The device of claim 10, wherein the first, second, and third detection models are specific to a first phase of a power level assignment scheme, and wherein the operations further comprise: determining the first inference, the second inference, and the third inference responsive to a determination that the first phase of the power level assignment scheme is active; receiving a next transmission over the optical communication path at the first wavelength during a fifth time period; determining a photon count of the next transmission; determining that a second phase of the power level assignment scheme is active; and responsive to determining that the second phase of the power level assignment scheme is active, determining a next bit assignment for the first data stream and the second data stream based upon the photon count of the next transmission and fourth, fifth, and sixth detection models, the fourth, fifth, and sixth detection models calculated based upon the second phase of the power level assignment scheme. ### Claim 20 (depends on 10) The device of claim 10, wherein the optical communication path is a fiber optic fiber.