# US 10,873,293 B2 · Injection-locked oscillator with variable load impedance

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- Number: US 10,873,293 B2
- Document ID: US10873293B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 16/708,696
- Filed: 2019-12-10
- Published: 2020-06-11
- Granted: 2020-12-22
- Earliest claimed: 2018-12-11
- Assignees: Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives
- Applicants: Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives
- Inventors: Franck Badets
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US10873293B2

## CPC

- H03B 19/14: by means of a semiconductor device
- H03B 5/1265: {switched capacitors}
- H03K 3/0231: Astable circuits {(H03K3/0315 takes precedence)}
- H03K 3/0315: {Ring oscillators}
- H03L 7/0805: {the loop being adapted to provide an additional control signal for use outside the loop}
- H03L 7/24: using a reference signal directly applied to the generator
- H03B 2200/0074: Locking of an oscillator by injecting an input signal directly into the oscillator
- H03B: GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS (generators adapted for electrophonic musical instruments G10H; masers or lasers H01S; generation of oscillations in plasma H05H)
- H03K: PULSE TECHNIQUE (measuring pulse characteristics G01R; modulating sinusoidal oscillations with pulses H03C; transmission of digital information H04L; discriminator circuits detecting phase difference between two signals by counting or integrating cycles of oscillation H03D3/04; automatic control, starting, synchronisation or stabilisation of generators of electronic oscillations or pulses where the type of generator is irrelevant or unspecified H03L; coding, decoding or code conversion, in general H03M)
- H03L: AUTOMATIC CONTROL, STARTING, SYNCHRONISATION OR STABILISATION OF GENERATORS OF ELECTRONIC OSCILLATIONS OR PULSES (generation of oscillations H03B)

## Abstract

Injection-locked oscillator comprising: a control input receiving a control signal, the value of the natural frequency of the oscillator being a function of the amplitude of the control signal; a synchronisation input receiving a periodic synchronisation signal, the oscillator outputting an output signal with a frequency equal to the frequency of the synchronisation signal, and such that a phase shift between the output signal and the synchronisation signal depends on a difference between the natural frequency of the oscillator and the frequency of the synchronisation signal; a first load impedance onto which a load signal is applied; a second load impedance; a first coupling component periodically coupling the second load impedance to the first load impedance, at the synchronisation frequency.

## Claims

### Claim 1

An injection-locked oscillator comprising at least:
one or several control inputs configured to receive one or several control signals, the oscillator being configured such that the value of its natural frequency depends on the amplitude of the control signal(s);
a synchronisation input configured to receive a periodic synchronisation signal, the oscillator being configured to output an output signal with a frequency equal to the frequency of the synchronisation signal when the oscillator is locked to the frequency of the synchronisation signal, and such that a phase shift between the output signal and the synchronisation signal depends on a difference between the natural frequency of the oscillator and the frequency of the synchronisation signal;
a first load impedance, the oscillator being configured such that a load signal is applied on the first load impedance;
a second load impedance;
a first coupling component configured to periodically couple the second load impedance to the first load impedance, at the frequency of the synchronisation signal, in parallel or in series,
wherein each of the first and second load impedance comprises at least one of: a capacitor, a capacitive component, a coil, and an inductive component.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The injection-locked oscillator according to claim 1, wherein the oscillator is a relaxation oscillator.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The injection-locked oscillator according to claim 1, wherein the first coupling component comprises at least one first coupling transistor coupled in series or in parallel to the second load impedance.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The injection-locked oscillator according to claim 1, also comprising at least:
a third load impedance, the oscillator being configured such that the load signal is applied on the third load impedance;
a fourth load impedance;
a second coupling component configured to periodically couple the fourth load impedance to the third load impedance, at the frequency of the synchronisation signal, in parallel or in series.

### Claim 5 (depends on 4)

The injection-locked oscillator according to claim 4, also comprising at least:
a flip-flop, of which a clock input is coupled to the first and second load impedances, including a reset input coupled to the third and fourth load impedances, and an output configured to output the oscillator output signal, or
a lock, of which an input setting the lock into the low state is coupled to the first and second load impedances, of which an input setting the lock into a high state is coupled to the third and fourth load impedances, and of which an output is configured to output the oscillator output signal.

### Claim 6 (depends on 5)

The injection-locked oscillator according to claim 5, wherein the first coupling component comprises at least one first coupling transistor coupled in series or in parallel to the second load impedance, and wherein a gate of the first coupling transistor is coupled to an output of a first NOR logic gate, a first input of which is coupled to the output of the flip-flop or the lock and a second input of which is configured to receive the synchronisation signal.

### Claim 7 (depends on 4)

The injection-locked oscillator according to claim 4, wherein the second coupling component comprises at least one second coupling transistor coupled in series or in parallel to the fourth load impedance.

### Claim 8 (depends on 5)

The injection-locked oscillator according to claim 5, wherein the second coupling component comprises at least one second coupling transistor coupled in series or in parallel to the fourth load impedance, and wherein a gate of the second coupling transistor is coupled to an output of a second NOR logic gate, a first input of which is coupled to an inverted output of the flip-flop or the lock and a second input of which is configured to receive an inverted signal of the synchronisation signal.

### Claim 9 (depends on 5)

The injection-locked oscillator according to claim 5, wherein the oscillator comprises the flip-flop or the lock and:
a first discharge transistor coupled in parallel to the first and second load impedances, the gate of which is coupled to the output of the flip-flop or the lock;
a second discharge transistor coupled in parallel to the third and fourth load impedances, the gate of which is coupled to an inverted output of the flip-flop or the lock.

### Claim 10 (depends on 5)

The injection-locked oscillator according to claim 5, wherein the oscillator comprises the flip-flop or the lock and:
a first input transistor, a gate of which is coupled to the output of the flip-flop or the lock and configured such that the load signal, corresponding to a load current, is or is not applied on the first load impedance as a function of the conducting or blocked state of the first input transistor;
a second input transistor, a gate of which is coupled to an inverted output of the flip-flop or the lock and configured such that the load signal is or is not applied on the third load impedance as a function of the conducting or blocked state of the second input transistor.

### Claim 11 (depends on 1)

The injection-locked oscillator according to claim 1, wherein the control input or a first of the control inputs is coupled to the first load impedance such that the control signal or a first of the control signals forms the load signal.

### Claim 12 (depends on 1)

The injection-locked oscillator according to claim 1, wherein:
the first load impedance comprises at least one first capacitor and, when the oscillator comprises a third load impedance, the third load impedance comprises at least one second capacitor, or
the first load impedance comprises at least one first capacitive transducer forming the control input or a second of the control inputs, the value of the natural frequency of the oscillator being a function of the value of the capacitance of the first capacitive transducer, and when the oscillator comprises the third load impedance, the third load impedance comprises at least one second capacitive transducer forming the control input or the second of the control inputs, the value of the natural frequency of the oscillator being a function of the value of the capacitance of the second capacitive transducer.

### Claim 13 (depends on 5)

The injection-locked oscillator according to claim 5, wherein the oscillator comprises the flip-flop or the lock, and each of the load impedances is coupled to the flip-flop or the lock by means of at least one inverter, of which a threshold voltage control input forms the control input, or a third of the control inputs.

### Claim 14 (depends on 1)

The injection-locked oscillator according to claim 1, wherein the oscillator is a harmonic oscillator comprising at least one LC circuit.

### Claim 15 (depends on 1)

Oscillator according to claim 1, wherein the oscillator is a ring oscillator comprising at least an odd number of inverters greater than or equal to three, and such that an output of one of the inverters is coupled to the first load impedance.

### Claim 16 (depends on 15)

The injection-locked oscillator according to claim 15, wherein an output of each of the inverters is coupled to a load impedance and to a coupling component configured to periodically couple another load impedance to said load impedance, at the frequency of the synchronisation signal and in parallel or series.

### Claim 17 (depends on 1)

An interface circuit for a sensor, comprising at least one injection-locked oscillator according to claim 1, and a second oscillator of which an output is coupled to the synchronization input of the injection-locked oscillator.