# US 10,873,137 B2 · Triaxial antenna reception and transmission > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 10,873,137 B2 - Document ID: US10873137B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 16/189,366 - Filed: 2018-11-13 - Published: 2020-05-14 - Granted: 2020-12-22 - Earliest claimed: 2018-11-13 - Assignees: Eagle Technology, LLC - Applicants: Eagle Technology, LLC - Inventors: Philip Kossin - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US10873137B2 ## CPC - H01Q 3/2617: {Array of identical elements} - H01Q 21/24: Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction {(circularly polarised patch antennas H01Q9/0428; circularly polarised horns H01Q13/0241; cross-polarised horns H01Q13/0258; polarisation converters H01Q15/242; cross-polarised rear feeds H01Q19/136; crossed polarisation dual antenna H01Q25/001)} - H01Q 9/0428: {radiating a circular polarised wave} - H01Q 15/244: {converting a linear polarised wave into a circular polarised wave (guided wave H01P1/17)} - H01Q 21/062: {using dipole aerials; (H01Q21/067, H01Q21/068 take precedence)} - H01Q: ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS (radiators or antennas for microwave heating H05B6/72) ## Abstract An apparatus comprises: a polarization generator to receive first and second signals, apply to the first and second signals two-dimensional (2D) complex weights to produce 2D weighted complex signals that represent a polarization having a plane of polarization referenced to three-dimensional (3D) orthogonal axes, operate on the 2D weighted complex signals to rotate the plane of polarization angularly with respect to the 3D orthogonal axes, and produce 3D controlled complex signals representing the polarization with the rotated plane of polarization; quadrature upconverter-modulators to modulate the 3D controlled complex signals, to produce 3D modulated radio frequency (RF) signals; and a triaxial antenna including orthogonal 3D linearly polarized elements to receive respective ones of the 3D modulated RF signals and collectively convert the 3D modulated RF signals to radiant RF energy that has the polarization with the rotated plane of polarization. ## Claims ### Claim 1 An apparatus comprising: a polarization generator to receive first and second signals, apply to the first and second signals two-dimensional (2D) complex weights to produce 2D weighted complex signals that represent a polarization having a plane of polarization referenced to three-dimensional (3D) orthogonal axes, operate on the 2D weighted complex signals to rotate the plane of polarization angularly with respect to the 3D orthogonal axes responsive to angle signals, and produce 3D controlled complex signals representing the polarization with the rotated plane of polarization; quadrature upconverter-modulators to modulate the 3D controlled complex signals, to produce 3D modulated radio frequency (RF) signals; and a triaxial antenna including orthogonal 3D linearly polarized elements to receive respective ones of the 3D modulated RF signals and collectively convert the 3D modulated RF signals to radiant RF energy that has the polarization with the rotated plane of polarization. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a controller to control the 2D complex weights to produce time-varying polarization of the radiant RF energy. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a controller to control the angle signals to produce time-varying rotation of the plane of polarization relative to the 3D orthogonal axes without moving the triaxial antenna. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a controller to control the 2D complex weights to produce the polarization as any of linear polarization, elliptical polarization, right-hand circular polarization, and left-hand circular polarization. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first and second signals including first and second sequences of bit values, respectively, the apparatus further comprising a controller to control the 2D complex weights to produce the polarization as circular polarization that shifts between right-hand and left-hand circular polarization responsive to the bit values of the first and second sequences. ### Claim 6 (depends on 5) The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the controller is configured to control the angle signals to rotate a plane of the circular polarization through different rotational positions at different times. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a controller to control the 2D complex weights to produce the polarization as linear polarization. ### Claim 8 (depends on 7) The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the controller is configured to control the angle signals to rotate a plane of the linear polarization through different rotational positions at different times. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the polarization generator is configured to rotate the 3D orthogonal axes in at least one of azimuth and elevation responsive to at least one of an azimuth signal and an elevation signal of the angle signals, respectively. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: to apply the 2D complex weights, the polarization generator is configured to apply x and y complex weights to the first and second signals, to produce x and y weighted complex signals that represent the polarization as polarization that lies in an x-y plane with respect to x, y, and z orthogonal axes; and to operate on the 2D weighted complex signals, the polarization generator is configured to operate on the x and y weighted complex signals, to rotate the plane of polarization angularly with respect to the x, y, and z orthogonal axes responsive to the angle signals, so as to produce x, y, and z controlled complex signals that represent the rotated plane of polarization; the quadrature upconverter-modulators include x, y, and z quadrature upconverter modulators to modulate the x, y, and z controlled complex signals, to produce x, y, and z modulated RF signals, respectively; and the triaxial antenna includes orthogonal x, y, and z linearly polarized elements to collectively convert the x, y, and z modulated RF signals to the radiant RF energy. ### Claim 11 A method comprising: receiving first and second signals; applying to the first and second signals two-dimensional (2D) complex weights to produce 2D weighted complex signals that represent a polarization having a plane of polarization referenced to three-dimensional (3D) orthogonal axes, operating on the 2D weighted complex signals to rotate the plane of polarization angularly with respect to the 3D orthogonal axes responsive to angle signals, and, as a result of the applying and the operating, producing 3D controlled complex signals that represent the polarization with the rotated plane of polarization; modulating the 3D controlled complex signals to produce 3D modulated radio frequency (RF) signals; and at orthogonal 3D linearly polarized elements of a triaxial antenna, receiving respective ones of the 3D modulated RF signals and collectively converting the 3D modulated RF signals to radiant RF energy that has the polarization with the rotated plane of polarization. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) The method of claim 11, further comprising controlling the 2D complex weights to produce time-varying polarization of the radiant RF energy. ### Claim 13 (depends on 11) The method of claim 11, further comprising controlling the angle signals to produce time-varying rotation of the plane of polarization relative to the 3D orthogonal axes without moving the triaxial antenna. ### Claim 14 (depends on 11) The method of claim 11, further comprising controlling the 2D complex weights to produce the polarization as any of linear polarization, elliptical polarization, right-hand circular polarization, and left-hand circular polarization. ### Claim 15 (depends on 11) The method of claim 11, wherein the first and second signals including first and second sequences of bit values, respectively, and the method further comprises controlling the 2D complex weights to produce the polarization as circular polarization that shifts between right-hand and left-hand circular polarization responsive to the bit values of the first and second sequences. ### Claim 16 (depends on 15) The method of claim 15, further comprising controlling the angle signals to rotate a plane of the circular polarization through different rotational positions at different times. ### Claim 17 (depends on 11) The method of claim 11, further comprising controlling the 2D complex weights to produce the polarization as linear polarization. ### Claim 18 (depends on 17) The method of claim 17, further comprising controlling the angle signals to rotate a plane of the linear polarization through different rotational positions at different times. ### Claim 19 (depends on 11) The method of claim 11, wherein the rotating includes rotating the 3D orthogonal axes in at least one of azimuth and elevation responsive to at least one of an azimuth signal and an elevation signal of the angle signals, respectively. ### Claim 20 (depends on 11) The method of claim 11, wherein the first and second signals are each complex signals.