# US 10,873,080 B2 · Secondary battery, battery pack, vehicle, and stationary power supply > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 10,873,080 B2 - Document ID: US10873080B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 16/118,967 - Filed: 2018-08-31 - Published: 2019-09-26 - Granted: 2020-12-22 - Earliest claimed: 2018-03-22 - Assignees: Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba - Applicants: Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba - Inventors: Hayato Seki; Yumiko Sekiguchi; Kazuomi Yoshima; Yasuyuki Hotta; Shinsuke Matsuno; Norio Takami - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US10873080B2 ## CPC - H01M 4/485: of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy (H01M4/505, H01M4/525 take precedence) - B60L 50/64: Constructional details of batteries specially adapted for electric vehicles - H01M 4/131: Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx - H01M 4/36: Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids - H01M 4/661: {Metal or alloys, e.g. alloy coatings (H01M4/669 take precedence)} - H01M 10/052: Li-accumulators - H01M 10/0569: characterised by the solvents - H01M 10/425: {Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing (printed circuits H05K1/00)} - B60L 50/50: using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells - H01M 4/02: Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material - H01M 10/0567: characterised by the additives - H01M 2004/027: {Negative electrodes} - H01M 2010/4271: {Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing} - H01M 2300/0002: Aqueous electrolytes - Y02E 60/10: Energy storage using batteries - H01M: PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY - B60L: PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES (arrangements or mounting of electrical propulsion units or of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion in vehicles B60K1/00, B60K6/20; arrangements or mounting of electrical gearing in vehicles B60K17/12, B60K17/14; preventing wheel slip by reducing power in rail vehicles B61C15/08; dynamo-electric machines H02K; control or regulation of electric motors H02P); SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES (electric coupling devices combined with mechanical couplings of vehicles B60D1/64; electric heating for vehicles B60H1/00); ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL (control or regulation of electric motors H02P); MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES - Y02E: REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION ## Abstract A secondary battery including an aqueous electrolyte, a positive electrode, and a negative electrode. The negative electrode includes a negative electrode active material which contains a Ti-containing composite oxide. At least one element A selected from Hg, Pb, Zn, and Bi is present on a surface of the negative electrode. An average of molar ratios (A/(A+Ti)) of the element A ranges from 5% to 40%. Each of the molar ratios is a molar amount of the element A to a sum between the molar amount of the element A and a molar amount of Ti on the surface of the negative electrode, according to scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A secondary battery, comprising: an aqueous electrolyte; a positive electrode; and a negative electrode, the negative electrode comprising a negative electrode active material, the negative electrode active material comprising a Ti-containing composite oxide, at least one element A selected from the group consisting of Hg, Pb, Zn, and Bi being present on a surface of the negative electrode, and an average of molar ratios (A/(A+Ti)) of the element A being more than or equal to 5% and less than or equal to 40%, each of the molar ratios being a molar amount of the element A to a sum between the molar amount of the element A and a molar amount of Ti on the surface of the negative electrode, according to scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the average of molar ratios (A/(A+Ti)) is more than or equal to 10% and less than or equal to 20%. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein a difference between a maximum value and a minimum value in the molar ratios (A/(A+Ti)) is 3% or more. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the negative electrode comprises a current collector and a negative electrode active material layer disposed on the current collector, the negative electrode active material layer comprises the negative electrode active material, and the current collector comprises the element A. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the aqueous electrolyte comprises a surfactant. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the aqueous electrolyte comprises the element A. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the aqueous electrolyte comprises a surfactant and the element A. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the negative electrode active material comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of an oxide of titanium, lithium titanium oxide, and lithium titanium composite oxide. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) A battery pack comprising the secondary battery according to claim 1. ### Claim 10 (depends on 9) The battery pack according to claim 9, further comprising an external power distribution terminal and a protective circuit. ### Claim 11 (depends on 9) The battery pack according to claim 9, further comprising plural of the secondary battery, wherein the secondary batteries are electrically connected in series, in parallel, or in combination of in-series connection and in-parallel connection. ### Claim 12 (depends on 9) A vehicle comprising the battery pack according to claim 9. ### Claim 13 (depends on 12) The vehicle according to claim 12, wherein the battery pack is configured to recover a regenerative energy of power of the vehicle. ### Claim 14 (depends on 12) The vehicle according to claim 12, which comprises a mechanism configured to convert kinetic energy of the vehicle into regenerative energy. ### Claim 15 (depends on 9) A stationary power supply comprising the battery pack according to claim 9.