# US 10,873,079 B2 · Low resistance, multivalent metal anodes

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- Number: US 10,873,079 B2
- Document ID: US10873079B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 14/753,467
- Filed: 2015-06-29
- Published: 2016-12-29
- Granted: 2020-12-22
- Earliest claimed: 2015-06-29
- Assignees: Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc.
- Applicants: Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc.
- Inventors: Claudiu B. Bucur; John G. Muldoon
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US10873079B2

## CPC

- H01M 4/466: {Magnesium based}
- H01M 4/366: {as layered products}
- H01M 4/38: of elements or alloys
- H01M 4/483: {for non-aqueous cells (H01M4/485 takes precedence)}
- H01M 4/505: of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
- H01M 4/5815: {Sulfides}
- H01M 4/5825: {Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines}
- H01M 4/602: {Polymers}
- H01M 4/624: {Electric conductive fillers}
- H01M 4/625: {Carbon or graphite}
- H01M 10/054: Accumulators with insertion or intercalation of metals other than lithium, e.g. with magnesium or aluminium
- H01M 10/0569: characterised by the solvents
- H01M 2220/20: Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
- H01M 2300/0028: characterised by the solvent
- Y02E 60/10: Energy storage using batteries
- H01M: PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- Y02E: REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION

## Abstract

A low resistance multivalent metal anode is provided. The metal is present in the anode as a Riecke highly active particle. Anode resistivity of 1000 Ω·cm2 or lower can be obtained. Metals employed include magnesium, calcium, zinc and aluminum. Electrochemical cells containing the low resistance multivalent metal anodes are also provided.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A negative electrode (anode) for a nonaqueous battery comprising a current collector and Rieke active metal particles in a metallic zero valent state as an active ingredient; wherein the Rieke active metal is selected from the group consisting of magnesium, calcium and aluminum.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The negative electrode of claim 1 wherein the Rieke metal particles are magnesium particles.

### Claim 3 (depends on 2)

The negative electrode of claim 2, wherein an impedance is 1000 Ω·cm2 or less.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The negative electrode of claim 1 further comprising from 1 to 15% by weight based on the anode material of a binder.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The negative electrode of claim 1 further comprising a conductive carbon.

### Claim 6 (depends on 2)

The negative electrode of claim 2 further comprising at least one of a binder and a conductive carbon.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

A battery comprising: an anode of claim 1; a cathode; and a nonaqueous electrolyte; wherein the anode contacts the nonaqueous electrolyte.

### Claim 8 (depends on 7)

The battery of claim 7, wherein the Rieke active metal particles are magnesium particles.

### Claim 9 (depends on 8)

The magnesium battery of claim 8, wherein the cathode comprises an active material selected from the group consisting of MnO2, V2O5, a titanium hollandite, a vanadium hollandite, elemental sulfur, Chevrel phase Mo6S8, CuS, Cu2S, Ag2S, CrS2 and VOPO4.

### Claim 10 (depends on 8)

The magnesium battery of claim 8, wherein the cathode comprises:
core-shell sub-micron particles, the sub-micron particles comprising:
a core comprising elemental sulfur; and
a shell comprising a first layer closest to the sulfur core of ionically charged, self-assembling conductive copolymer having at least one hydrophobic region; and
at least a second conductive polymer layer having an electrical charge opposite to the first layer adjacent to and ionically bonded with the first layer;
wherein
optionally, at least one of the core and surface of an outer layer comprises a functionalized conductive carbon material.

### Claim 11 (depends on 8)

The battery of claim 8, wherein an impedance of the anode is 1000 Ω·cm2 or less.

### Claim 12 (depends on 8)

The battery of claim 8, wherein the nonaqueous electrolyte is a solvent selected from the group consisting of tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyl tetrahydrofuran, dimethoxyethane, glyme, monoglyme, dimethyl glycol, dimethyl ether, diethyl ether, ethyl glyme, diglyme, proglyme, ethyl diglyme, triglyme, butyl diglyme, tetraglyme, polyglyme and highlyme.

### Claim 13 (depends on 2)

The negative electrode of claim 2 wherein an average particle size of the magnesium particles is 15 mμ.

### Claim 14 (depends on 13)

An electrochemical cell comprising the negative electrode of claim 13.

### Claim 15 (depends on 8)

The battery of claim 8, wherein an average particle size of the magnesium particles is 15 mμ.

### Claim 16 (depends on 11)

The battery of claim 11, wherein an average particle size of the magnesium particles is 15 mμ.