# US 10,872,737 B2 · Advanced electrolytes for high temperature energy storage device

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- Number: US 10,872,737 B2
- Document ID: US10872737B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 15/362,810
- Filed: 2016-11-28
- Published: 2018-07-26
- Granted: 2020-12-22
- Earliest claimed: 2013-10-09
- Assignees: Fastcap Systems Corporation
- Applicants: FastCAP SYSTEMS Corporation
- Inventors: Nicolò Michele Brambilla
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US10872737B2

## CPC

- H01G 11/08: Structural combinations, e.g. assembly or connection, of hybrid or EDL capacitors with other electric components, at least one hybrid or EDL capacitor being the main component
- H01G 11/56: Solid electrolytes, e.g. gels; Additives therein
- H01G 11/14: Arrangements or processes for adjusting or protecting hybrid or EDL capacitors (emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for capacitors, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions H02H7/16; emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltages without disconnection H02H9/00)
- H01G 11/62: characterised by the solute, e.g. salts, anions or cations therein
- H01G 11/64: characterised by additives
- H02J 7/345: {using capacitors as storage or buffering devices}
- H01G 11/00: Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H02J 2207/50: Charging of capacitors, supercapacitors, ultra-capacitors or double layer capacitors
- Y02E 60/10: Energy storage using batteries
- Y02E 60/13: Energy storage using capacitors
- H01G: CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE (selection of specified materials as dielectric H01B3/00; capacitors having potential barriers H10D1/62, H10K10/10)
- H02J: ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- Y02E: REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION

## Abstract

An ultracapacitor that includes an energy storage cell immersed in an electrolyte and disposed within an hermetically sealed housing, the cell electrically coupled to a positive contact and a negative contact, wherein the ultracapacitor has a gel or polymer based electrolyte and is configured to output electrical energy at temperatures between about −40° C. and about 250° C. Methods of fabrication and use are provided.

## Claims

### Claim 1

An electrolyte for use in an ultracapacitor comprising:
an ionic liquid; and
a gelling agent; wherein an ultracapacitor that utilizes the electrolyte is configured to output electrical energy at temperatures throughout an operating temperature range, wherein the operating temperature range comprises −40 degrees Celsius to 250 degrees Celsius; and wherein a level of halide impurities is no greater than 50 parts per million, by combined weight of a storage cell and electrolyte wherein the ultracapacitor comprises a storage cell that contains the electrolyte.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The electrolyte of claim 1, wherein the operating temperature range comprises 0 degrees Celsius to 175 degrees Celsius.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The electrolyte of claim 1, wherein the operating temperature range comprises 0 degrees Celsius to 200 degrees Celsius.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The electrolyte of claim 1, wherein the operating temperature range comprises 0 degrees Celsius to 210 degrees Celsius.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The electrolyte of claim 1, wherein the operating temperature range comprises 0 degrees Celsius to 225 degrees Celsius.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The electrolyte of claim 1, wherein the operating temperature range comprises 0 degrees Celsius to 250 degrees Celsius.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The electrolyte of claim 1, wherein the operating temperature range comprises minus 10 degrees Celsius to 200 degrees Celsius.

### Claim 8 (depends on 1)

The electrolyte of claim 1, wherein the operating temperature range comprises minus 10 degrees Celsius to 210 degrees Celsius.

### Claim 9 (depends on 1)

The electrolyte of claim 1, wherein the operating temperature range comprises minus 10 degrees Celsius to 225 degrees Celsius.

### Claim 10 (depends on 1)

The electrolyte of claim 1, wherein the operating temperature range comprises minus 10 degrees Celsius to 250 degrees Celsius.

### Claim 11 (depends on 1)

The electrolyte of claim 1, wherein the operating temperature range comprises minus 40 degrees Celsius to 200 degrees Celsius.

### Claim 12 (depends on 1)

The electrolyte of claim 1, wherein the operating temperature range comprises minus 40 degrees Celsius to 225 degrees Celsius.

### Claim 13 (depends on 1)

The electrolyte of claim 1, wherein the operating temperature range comprises 0 degrees Celsius to 150 degrees Celsius.

### Claim 14 (depends on 1)

The electrolyte of claim 1, wherein the ultracapacitor that utilizes the electrolyte is configured to output electrical energy at operating voltages throughout an operating voltage range, the operating voltage range being between 0 V and about 5 V.

### Claim 15 (depends on 1)

The electrolyte of claim 1, wherein the ultracapacitor that utilizes the electrolyte is configured to output electrical energy over an operating voltage range being between 0 V to about 2 V.

### Claim 16 (depends on 1)

The electrolyte of claim 1, wherein the ultracapacitor that utilizes the electrolyte is configured to output electrical energy over an operating voltage range being between 0 V to about 4 V.

### Claim 17 (depends on 1)

The electrolyte of claim 1, wherein the ionic liquid comprises a cation comprising tetrabutylammonium, 1-(3-Cyanopropyl)-3-methylimidazolium, 1,2-Dimethyl-3-propylimidazolium, 1,3-Bis(3-Cyanopropyl)imidazolium, 1,3-Diethoxyimidazolium, 1-Butyl-1-methylpiperidinium, 1-Butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium, 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium, 1-Butyl-4-methylpyridinium, 1-Butylpyridinium, 4-Decyl-3-methylimidazolium, 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium, 1-Pentyl-3-methylimidazolium, 1-Hexyl-3-methylimidazolium, 3-Methyl-1-propylpyridinium, or a combination thereof.

### Claim 18 (depends on 1)

The electrolyte of claim 1, wherein the ionic liquid comprises a cation comprising ammonium, imidazolium, pyrazinium, piperidinium, pyridinium, pyrimidinium, and pyrrolidinium, or a combination thereof.

### Claim 19 (depends on 1)

The electrolyte of claim 1, wherein the ionic liquid comprises a anion comprising:
bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, tris(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)methide, dicyanamide, tetrafluoroborate, tetra(cyano)borate, hexafluorophosphate, tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate, trifluoromethanesulfonate, bis(pentafluoroethanesulfonyl)imide, thiocyanate, trifluoro(trifluoromethyl)borate, or a combination thereof.

### Claim 20 (depends on 1)

The electrolyte of claim 1, wherein the electrolyte further comprises a solvent comprising acetonitrile, amides, benzonitrile, butyrolactone, cyclic ether, dibutyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, diethylether, dimethoxyethane, dimethyl carbonate, dimethlylformamide, dimethylsulfone, dioxane, dioxolane, ethyl formate, ethylene carbonate, ethylmethyl carbonate, lactone, linear ether, methyl formate, methyl propionate, methyltetrahydrofuran, nitrile, nitrobenzene, nitromethane, n-methylpyrrolidone, propylene carbonate, sulfolane, sulfone, tetrahydrofuran, tetramethylene sulfone, thiophene, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, polyethylene glycols, carbonic acid ester, γ-butyrolactone, nitrile, tricyanohexane, or a combination thereof.