# US 10,871,963 B2 · Adjustment of voltage regulator firmware settings based upon external factors

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- Number: US 10,871,963 B2
- Document ID: US10871963B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 15/295,848
- Filed: 2016-10-17
- Published: 2018-04-19
- Granted: 2020-12-22
- Earliest claimed: 2016-10-17
- Assignees: Lenovo Enterprise Solutions (Singapore) Pte. Ltd.
- Applicants: LENOVO Enterprise Solutions (Singapore) PTE. LTD.
- Inventors: Luke Remis; Brian Totten; Delali Dogbey; Dipak Tailor; Douglas Evans; Jamaica L. Barnette
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US10871963B2

## CPC

- G06F 8/65: Updates (security arrangements therefor G06F21/57)
- G06F 8/658: Incremental updates; Differential updates
- G06F 11/30: Monitoring
- G06F 11/3051: {Monitoring arrangements for monitoring the configuration of the computing system or of the computing system component, e.g. monitoring the presence of processing resources, peripherals, I/O links, software programs (verification or detection of system hardware configuration G06F11/2247)}
- G06F 11/3058: {Monitoring arrangements for monitoring environmental properties or parameters of the computing system or of the computing system component, e.g. monitoring of power, currents, temperature, humidity, position, vibrations (thermal management in cooling arrangements of a computing system G06F1/206)}
- G06F 11/3409: {for performance assessment}
- G06F 11/3442: {for planning or managing the needed capacity}
- H02J 1/001: {Hot plugging or unplugging of load or power modules to or from power distribution networks}
- H02J 1/14: Balancing load and power generation in DC networks
- H02J 13/00: Circuit arrangements for providing remote monitoring or remote control of equipment in a power distribution network
- H02J 13/12: Monitoring network conditions, e.g. electrical magnitudes or operational status
- Y02B 90/20: Smart grids as enabling technology in buildings sector (smart grids supporting the management or operation of end-user stationary applications in general, or like technologies with no associated climate change mitigation effect Y04S20/00)
- Y02D 10/00: Energy efficient computing, e.g. low power processors, power management or thermal management
- Y02E 60/00: Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y04S 10/30: State monitoring, e.g. fault, temperature monitoring, insulator monitoring, corona discharge
- Y04S 20/00: Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
- G06F: ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING (computer systems based on specific computational models G06N)
- H02J: ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- Y02B: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02D: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02E: REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y04S: SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS

## Abstract

An apparatus for voltage regulation device adjustment includes an external factor module that determines external factors, where the external factors include conditions external to an electronic device that affect operating performance and operating costs. The electronic device includes a voltage regulator device (“VRD”) providing power to one or more components of the electronic device. The apparatus includes a firmware selection module that selects new firmware for the VRD of the electronic device in response to the determined external factors, and a firmware update module that replaces previously installed firmware on the VRD with the new firmware. The new firmware includes control settings for the VRD.

## Claims

### Claim 1

An apparatus comprising:
an external factor module configured to determine external factors, wherein the external factors comprise conditions external to an electronic device that affect operating performance and operating costs, the electronic device comprising a voltage regulator device (“VRD”) providing power to one or more components of the electronic device, wherein the external factors comprise an electrical energy cost charged by an electrical provider, the electrical energy cost comprising time-based electrical costs;
a firmware section module configured to compare a plurality of new firmware for the VRD based on the electrical energy cost and to select new firmware of the plurality of new firmware for the VRD of the electronic device based on operating cost according to the electrical energy cost and achieved with control settings for the VRD, wherein a new firmware is selected for the VRD that has a lower performance characteristic during a particular time of day that has a higher electrical cost and a different new firmware is selected for the VRD that has a higher performance characteristic during a particular time of day that has a lower electrical cost; and
a firmware update module configured to replace previously installed firmware on the VRD with the new firmware, wherein the new firmware comprises the control settings for the VRD,
wherein said modules comprise hardware circuits, a programmable hardware device and/or a hardware processor executing code.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the VRD is one of a plurality of VRDs of the electronic device, the firmware selection module further configured to select different firmware for the plurality of VRDs based on a load condition for the electronic device and/or based on configurations for the plurality of VRDs.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the energy cost comprises cooling costs of a data center, the cooling costs determined based on weather conditions at the data center.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the external factors comprise a desired performance characteristic of the electronic device in relation to energy usage.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising an application module configured to determine an application running on the electronic device and one or more effects of the application on one or more components of the electronic device, wherein the firmware selection module selects the new firmware in response to the determined external factors and the effects of the application on the one or more components of the electronic device.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a configuration module configured to determine a configuration of the electronic device, wherein determining the configuration comprises determining which components are installed and information about the installed components, wherein the firmware selection module selects the new firmware in response to the determined external factors and effects of the configuration.

### Claim 7 (depends on 6)

The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the components of the electronic device comprise a particular component type and/or the components comprise a central processing unit (“CPU”), a programmable hardware device, a memory device, a non-volatile storage device, a peripheral device, and/or a computer bus connected device.

### Claim 8 (depends on 6)

The apparatus of claim 6, wherein determining the configuration of the electronic device comprises determining a model number of a component and information relating to a model of the component corresponding to the model number.

### Claim 9 (depends on 1)

The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the previously installed firmware on the VRD comprises firmware installed prior to shipment from a manufacturer.

### Claim 10 (depends on 1)

The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the new firmware adjusts settings within the VDR.

### Claim 11 (depends on 10)

The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the settings within the VRD comprise an output voltage setpoint, a current setpoint, a control parameter, a parameter of a component within the VRD, and/or a switching parameter.

### Claim 12 (depends on 10)

The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the settings within the VRD comprise selection of one or more phases of the VRD for operation, wherein the one or more phases comprise switchmode power converters connected in parallel, wherein each switchmode power converter provides power from the VRD when selected.

### Claim 13 (depends on 1)

The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the external factor module periodically determines the external factors and the firmware selection module selects new firmware for the VRD in response to a change in the external factors and the firmware update module replaces the previously installed firmware with the new firmware selected based on the change in the external factors.

### Claim 14 (depends on 1)

The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the VRD is connected to a management bus and receives the new firmware over the management bus.

### Claim 15 (depends on 14)

The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the management bus is connected to a baseboard management controller (“BMC”) associated with the electronic device, and wherein the BMC is connected to a computer network external to the electronic device and the BMC receives VRD firmware information and/or the external factors over the computer network.

### Claim 16 (depends on 14)

The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the management bus comprises one of a serial bus, an Inter-Integrated Circuit (“I2C”) bus, a Serial Peripheral (“SPI”) bus, a Controller Area Network (“CAN”) bus, an ACCESS.bus, a System Management Bus (“SMBus”), a Power Management Bus (“PMBus”), and an Intelligent Platform Management Bus (“IPMB”).

### Claim 17 (depends on 1)

The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising the electronic device.

### Claim 18

A method comprising:
determining external factors, wherein the external factors comprise conditions external to an electronic device that affect operating performance and operating costs, the electronic device comprising a voltage regulator device (“VRD”) providing power to one or more components of the electronic device, wherein the external factors comprise an electrical energy cost charged by an electrical provider, the electrical energy cost comprising time-based electrical costs;
comparing a plurality of new firmware for the VRD based on the electrical energy cost;
selecting new firmware for the VRD of the electronic device based on operating cost according to the electrical energy cost and achieved with control settings for the VRD, wherein a new firmware is selected for the VRD that has a lower performance characteristic during a particular time of day that has a higher electrical cost and a different new firmware is selected for the VRD that has a higher performance characteristic during a particular time of day that has a lower electrical cost; and
replacing previously installed firmware on the VRD with the new firmware, wherein the new firmware comprises the control settings for the VRD.

### Claim 19 (depends on 18)

The method of claim 18, further comprising:
determining an application running on the electronic device and one or more effects of the application on one or more components of the electronic device, wherein selecting the new firmware is in response to the determined external factors and the effects of the application on the one or more components of the electronic device; and/or
determining a configuration of the electronic device, wherein determining the configuration comprises determining which components are installed and information about the installed components, wherein selecting the new firmware is in response to the determined external factors and effects of the configuration.

### Claim 20

A computer program product comprising a non-transitory computer readable storage medium having program instructions embodied therewith, the program instructions executable by a processor to cause the processor to:
determine external factors, wherein the external factors comprise conditions external to an electronic device that affect operating performance and operating costs, the electronic device comprising a voltage regulator device (“VRD”) providing power to one or more components of the electronic device, wherein the external factors comprise an electrical energy cost charged by an electrical provider, the electrical energy cost comprising time-based electrical costs;
compare a plurality of new firmware for the VRD based on the electrical energy cost;
select new firmware of the plurality of new firmware for the VRD of the electronic device based on operating cost according to the electrical energy cost and achieved with control settings for the VRD, wherein a new firmware is selected for the VRD that has a lower performance characteristic during a particular time of day that has a higher electrical cost and a different new firmware is selected for the VRD that has a higher performance characteristic during a particular time of day that has a lower electrical cost; and
replace previously installed firmware on the VRD with the new firmware, wherein the new firmware comprises the control settings for the VRD.