# US 10,871,549 B2 · Proximity detection using adaptive mutual coupling cancellation

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- Number: US 10,871,549 B2
- Document ID: US10871549B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 15/984,233
- Filed: 2018-05-18
- Published: 2019-11-21
- Granted: 2020-12-22
- Earliest claimed: 2018-05-18
- Assignees: QUALCOMM Incorporated
- Applicants: Qualcomm Incorporated
- Inventors: Roberto Rimini; Anant Gupta
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US10871549B2

## CPC

- G01S 7/038: {Feedthrough nulling circuits}
- G01S 7/2921: {based on data belonging to one radar period}
- G01S 7/354: {Extracting wanted echo-signals (Doppler systems G01S13/50)}
- G01S 13/08: Systems for measuring distance only (indirect measurement G01S13/46)
- G01S 13/86: Combinations of radar systems with non-radar systems, e.g. sonar, direction finder
- G01S 13/88: Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications (electromagnetic prospecting or detecting of objects, e.g. near-field detection, G01V3/00)
- H01Q 1/243: {with built-in antennas}
- H01Q 1/523: {between antennas of an array}
- H01Q 21/28: Combinations of substantially independent non-interacting antenna units or systems {(multiple beam H01Q25/00)}
- H04B 1/126: {having multiple inputs, e.g. auxiliary antenna for receiving interfering signal (aerials in general H01Q)}
- H04B 1/3838: {Arrangements for reducing RF exposure to the user, e.g. by changing the shape of the transceiver while in use}
- G01S 13/282: {using a frequency modulated carrier wave (G01S13/286 takes precedence)}
- G01S 13/343: {using sawtooth modulation}
- G01S 13/345: {using triangular modulation}
- H01Q 1/245: {with means for shaping the antenna pattern, e.g. in order to protect user against rf exposure}
- H01Q 9/26: with folded element or elements, the folded parts being spaced apart a small fraction of operating wavelength (resonant loop antennas H01Q7/00)
- H01Q 21/062: {using dipole aerials; (H01Q21/067, H01Q21/068 take precedence)}
- H01Q 21/065: {Patch antenna array}
- H04W 52/146: {Uplink power control}
- H04W 52/283: {Power depending on the position of the mobile}
- G01S: RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- H01Q: ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS (radiators or antennas for microwave heating H05B6/72)
- H04B: TRANSMISSION
- H04W: WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS (broadcast communication H04H; communication systems using wireless links for non-selective communication, e.g. wireless extensions H04M1/72)

## Abstract

An apparatus is disclosed for proximity detection using adaptive mutual coupling cancellation. In an example aspect, the apparatus includes at least two antennas, a wireless transceiver connected to the at least two antennas, and a mutual coupling cancellation module. The at least two antennas include a first antenna and a second antenna, which are mutually coupled electromagnetically. The second antenna includes two feed ports. The wireless transceiver is configured to transmit a radar transmit signal via the first antenna and receive two versions of a radar receive signal respectively via the two feed ports of the second antenna. The wireless transceiver is also configured to adjust a transmission parameter based on a decoupled signal. The transmission parameter varies based on a range to the object. The mutual coupling cancellation module is configured to generate the decoupled signal based on the two versions of the radar receive signal.

## Claims

### Claim 1

An apparatus comprising:
at least two antennas, the at least two antennas including a first antenna and a second antenna, the second antenna including two feed ports, the first antenna and the second antenna mutually coupled electromagnetically;
a wireless transceiver connected to the at least two antennas, the wireless transceiver configured to:
transmit a radar transmit signal via the first antenna;
receive two versions of a radar receive signal respectively via the two feed ports of the second antenna, the radar receive signal comprising a reflected component corresponding to a reflection of the radar transmit signal via an object and a mutual coupling component corresponding to a transmission of the radar transmit signal via the first antenna; and
adjust a transmission parameter based on a decoupled signal, the transmission parameter varying based on a range to the object; and
a mutual coupling cancellation module connected to the two feed ports, the mutual coupling cancellation module configured to generate the decoupled signal based on the two versions of the radar receive signal.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the mutual coupling cancellation module is configured to generate the decoupled signal such that a power of the mutual coupling component is suppressed within the decoupled signal relative to powers of the mutual coupling component respectively within the two versions of the radar receive signal.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the radar transmit signal comprises:
a frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) signal; or
a frequency-modulated pulsed signal.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The apparatus of claim 1, wherein:
the wireless transceiver is configured to:
generate a digital transmit signal, the radar transmit signal derived from the digital transmit signal;
generate two digital receive signals, the two digital receive signals respectively derived from the two versions of the radar receive signal; and
mix the digital transmit signal with the two digital receive signals to respectively produce two receive signals; and
the mutual coupling cancellation module is configured to generate the decoupled signal based on the two receive signals.

### Claim 5 (depends on 4)

The apparatus of claim 4, wherein:
the two receive signals include a respective beat frequency indicative of a frequency offset between transmission of the radar transmit signal and reception of the radar receive signal, the respective beat frequency proportional to the range to the object; and
the mutual coupling cancellation module is configured to generate the decoupled signal to include the beat frequency.

### Claim 6 (depends on 4)

The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the mutual coupling cancellation module includes a zero-forcing combiner, the zero-forcing combiner configured to combine interference null-space projections of the two receive signals to generate the decoupled signal.

### Claim 7 (depends on 6)

The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the zero-forcing combiner is configured to:
generate a covariance matrix based on the two receive signals;
perform eigenvector decomposition on the covariance matrix to generate eigenvectors and eigenvalues;
generate one or more weights based on an eigenvector of the eigenvectors that is associated with a smallest eigenvalue of the eigenvalues;
project the two receive signals by multiplying the two receive signals by the one or more weights to generate two projected signals; and
perform a summation of the two projected signals to generate the decoupled signal.

### Claim 8 (depends on 4)

The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the mutual coupling cancellation module includes a reciprocal cancellation module, the reciprocal cancellation module configured to subtract a scaled version of a signal of the two receive signals from another signal of the two receive signals to generate the decoupled signal.

### Claim 9 (depends on 8)

The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the reciprocal cancellation module is configured to:
generate a covariance matrix based on the two receive signals;
generate a cross-correlation matrix based on the two receive signals;
perform least squares approximation of the signal with respect to the other signal based on the covariance matrix and the cross correlation matrix to produce at least one weight;
multiply the signal by the at least one weight to generate a scaled signal; and
subtract the scaled signal from the other signal to generate the decoupled signal.

### Claim 10 (depends on 1)

The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least two antennas are configured to be arranged in respective positions such that the first antenna and the second antenna are mutually coupled electromagnetically.

### Claim 11 (depends on 1)

The apparatus of claim 1, wherein:
the at least two antennas include a third antenna, the third antenna including a third feed port, the first antenna and the third antenna mutually coupled electromagnetically; and
the wireless transceiver is connected to the third antenna and is configured to obtain the two versions of the radar receive signal respectively via a feed port of the two feed ports of the second antenna and via the third feed port of the third antenna.

### Claim 12 (depends on 1)

The apparatus of claim 1, wherein:
the at least two antennas include a third antenna, the third antenna including a third feed port, the first antenna and the third antenna mutually coupled electromagnetically, wherein:
the wireless transceiver is connected to the third antenna and is configured to respectively obtain three versions of the radar receive signal via each of the two feed ports of the second antenna and via the third feed port of the third antenna; and
the mutual coupling cancellation module is configured to generate the decoupled signal based on the three versions of the radar receive signal such that a power of the mutual coupling component is suppressed within the decoupled signal relative to the powers of the mutual coupling component respectively within the three versions of the radar receive signal.

### Claim 13 (depends on 1)

The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the wireless transceiver is configured to transmit an uplink signal using the transmission parameter.

### Claim 14 (depends on 1)

The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the transmission parameter comprises at least one of the following:
a power level;
a beam steering angle;
a frequency;
a selected antenna; or
a communication protocol.

### Claim 15 (depends on 1)

The apparatus of claim 1, wherein:
the first antenna comprises one of the following:
a patch antenna including a horizontally-polarized feed port and a vertically-polarized feed port;
a dipole antenna including differential feed ports; or
a bowtie antenna including directional feed ports.

### Claim 16 (depends on 15)

The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the wireless transceiver is configured to transmit the radar transmit signal using:
at least one of the horizontally-polarized feed port or the vertically-polarized feed port of the patch antenna;
at least one of the differential feed ports of the dipole antenna; or
at least one of the directional feed ports of the bowtie antenna.

### Claim 17 (depends on 1)

The apparatus of claim 1, wherein:
the second antenna comprises one of the following:
a patch antenna including a horizontally-polarized feed port and a vertically-polarized feed port;
a dipole antenna including differential feed ports; or
a bowtie antenna including directional feed ports; and
the wireless transceiver is configured to produce the two versions of the radar receive signal using:
the horizontally-polarized feed port and the vertically-polarized feed port of the patch antenna;
the differential feed ports of the dipole antenna; or
the directional feed ports of the bowtie antenna.

### Claim 18

An apparatus comprising:
at least two antennas, the at least two antennas including a first antenna and a second antenna, the first antenna and at least the second antenna mutually coupled electromagnetically;
a wireless transceiver connected to the at least two antennas, the wireless transceiver configured to:
transmit a radar transmit signal via the first antenna;
receive multiple versions of a radar receive signal via multiple feed ports including at least one feed port of the second antenna, the radar receive signal comprising a reflected component corresponding to a reflection of the radar transmit signal via an object and a mutual coupling component corresponding to a transmission of the radar transmit signal via the first antenna; and
adjust a transmission parameter based on a decoupled signal, the transmission parameter varying based on a range to the object; and
a mutual coupling cancellation circuit connected to the multiple feed ports, the mutual coupling cancellation circuit configured to generate the decoupled signal based on the multiple versions of the radar receive signal such that the mutual coupling component is suppressed.

### Claim 19 (depends on 18)

The apparatus of claim 18, wherein:
the second antenna includes a first feed port and a second feed port;
the at least two antennas include a third antenna, the third antenna includes a third feed port, the first antenna and the third antenna are mutually coupled electromagnetically; and
the wireless transceiver is connected to the third antenna and is configured to:
receive the multiple versions of the radar receive signal respectively via the first feed port of the second antenna and the third feed port of the third antenna; or
receive the multiple versions of the radar receive signal respectively via the first feed port of the second antenna, the second feed port of the second antenna, and the third feed port of the third antenna.

### Claim 20 (depends on 18)

The apparatus of claim 18, wherein:
the wireless transceiver is configured to generate two receive signals, the two receive signals respectively comprising two digital signals derived from the multiple versions of the radar receive signal; and
the mutual coupling cancellation circuit is configured to combine the two receive signals to generate the decoupled signal such that a power of the mutual coupling component is suppressed within the decoupled signal relative to powers of the mutual coupling component respectively within the two receive signals.

### Claim 21 (depends on 20)

The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the mutual coupling cancellation circuit comprises a zero-forcing combiner circuit configured to combine interference null-space projections of the two receive signals to generate the decoupled signal.

### Claim 22 (depends on 21)

The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the zero-forcing combiner circuit is configured to:
generate a covariance matrix based on the two receive signals;
perform eigenvector decomposition on the covariance matrix to generate eigenvectors and eigenvalues;
generate one or more weights based on an eigenvector of the eigenvectors that is associated with a smallest eigenvalue of the eigenvalues;
project the two receive signals by multiplying the two receive signals by the one or more weights to generate two projected signals; and
perform a summation of the two projected signals to generate the decoupled signal.

### Claim 23 (depends on 20)

The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the mutual coupling cancellation circuit comprises a reciprocal cancellation circuit configured to subtract a scaled version of a signal of the two receive signals from another signal of the two receive signals to generate the decoupled signal.

### Claim 24 (depends on 23)

The apparatus of claim 23, wherein the reciprocal cancellation circuit is configured to:
generate a covariance matrix based on the two receive signals;
generate a cross-correlation matrix based on the two receive signals;
perform least squares approximation of the signal with respect to the other signal based on the covariance matrix and the cross-correlation matrix to produce at least one weight;
multiply the signal by the at least one weight to generate a scaled signal; and
subtract the scaled signal from the other signal to generate the decoupled signal.

### Claim 25

A method for proximity detection using adaptive mutual coupling cancellation, the method comprising:
transmitting a radar transmit signal via a first antenna;
receiving multiple versions of a radar receive signal via multiple feed ports including at least one feed port of a second antenna, the first antenna and the second antenna mutually coupled electromagnetically, the radar receive signal comprising a reflected component corresponding to a reflection of the radar transmit signal via an object and a mutual coupling component corresponding to a transmission of the radar transmit signal via the first antenna;
generating a decoupled signal by processing the multiple versions of the radar receive signal such that the mutual coupling component is attenuated; and
adjusting a transmission parameter based on the decoupled signal, the transmission parameter varying according to a range to the object.

### Claim 26 (depends on 25)

The method of claim 25, wherein the generating of the decoupled signal comprises at least one of the following:
combining interference null-space projections of the multiple versions of the radar receive signal to generate the decoupled signal; or
subtracting a scaled signal from a version of the multiple versions of the radar receive signal to generate the decoupled signal, the scaled signal derived from another version of the multiple versions of the radar receive signal.

### Claim 27 (depends on 26)

The method of claim 26, further comprising toggling between at least the combining of the interference null-space projections and the subtracting of the scaled signal to generate the decoupled signal based on a quantity of the multiple versions of the radar receive signal.

### Claim 28

An apparatus comprising:
at least two antennas, the at least two antennas including:
a first antenna configured to generate radiation; and
a second antenna including multiple feed ports, the first antenna and the second antenna mutually coupled electromagnetically, the second antenna configured to generate multiple versions of a radio-frequency signal respectively via the multiple feed ports, the multiple versions of the radio-frequency signal including interference indicative of the radiation generated by the first antenna; and
a mutual coupling cancellation module connected to the multiple feed ports, the mutual coupling cancellation module including:
a zero-forcing combiner module configured to combine interference null-space projections of the multiple versions of the radio-frequency signal to attenuate the interference; and
a reciprocal cancellation module configured to:
scale a version of the multiple versions of the radio-frequency signal to produce a scaled signal; and
subtract the scaled signal from another version of the multiple versions of the radio-frequency signal to attenuate the interference.

### Claim 29 (depends on 28)

The apparatus of claim 28, wherein the mutual coupling cancellation module is configured to enable the zero-forcing combiner module and the reciprocal cancellation module to operate in parallel using the multiple versions of the radio-frequency signal.

### Claim 30 (depends on 28)

The apparatus of claim 28, wherein the mutual coupling cancellation module is configured to enable the zero forcing combiner module or the reciprocal cancellation module based on a quantity of the multiple versions of the radio-frequency signal.