# US 10,871,130 B2 · Arrangement and process for carrying out an intensified combustion > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 10,871,130 B2 - Document ID: US10871130B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 15/107,153 - Filed: 2014-12-23 - Published: 2017-02-02 - Granted: 2020-12-22 - Earliest claimed: 2013-12-23 - Assignees: Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Foerderung der angewandten Forschung e. V. - Applicants: Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Foerderung der angewandten Forschung e. V. - Inventors: Ralf Kriegel; Robert Kircheisen; Markku Lampinen; Ville Ristimaeki - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US10871130B2 ## CPC - F02M 25/12: the apparatus having means for generating such gases (using rays and simultaneously generating ozone F02M27/06) - F02B 47/06: the substances including non-airborne oxygen (F02B47/10 takes precedence) - F02D 21/02: peculiar to oxygen-fed engines - F23C 99/00: Subject-matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass - F23R 7/00: Intermittent or explosive combustion chambers - F23C 2900/99008: Unmixed combustion, i.e. without direct mixing of oxygen gas and fuel, but using the oxygen from a metal oxide, e.g. FeO - Y02E 20/34: Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery - Y02T 10/12: Improving ICE efficiencies - F02M: SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF - F02B: INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL (gas-turbine plants F02C; hot-gas or combustion-product positive-displacement engine plants F02G) - F02D: CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES (vehicle fittings, acting on a single sub-unit only, for automatically controlling vehicle speed B60K31/00; conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function, road vehicle drive control systems for purposes other than the control of a single sub-unit B60W) - F23C: METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN {A CARRIER GAS OR} AIR (burners F23D) - F23R: GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS (fluidised bed combustion apparatus specially adapted for operation at superatmospheric pressures F23C10/16) - Y02E: REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION - Y02T: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION ## Abstract The invention relates to a combustion engine and to a process for producing energy by means of expansion work in combustion engines. The invention is based on the problem of providing a possibility for supplying oxygen to the combustion space of a self-compacting combustion engine in an energy-efficient manner. According to the invention, with an arrangement for carrying out an intensified combustion for automatically increasing pressure of the combustion gases and using them in a combustion engine for performing mechanical work, the above-stated problem is solved in that an oxygen storage material is present in the combustion space so that a self-compressing combustion process is made possible by storing the oxygen in the oxygen storage material in the combustion space. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A process for carrying out a combustion, wherein combustion gases are automatically compressed and the compressed combustion gases are used in a combustion engine for performing mechanical work, and wherein the process comprises: storing an oxygen storage material in a combustion space; supplying fresh air, with the oxygen storage material extracting oxygen from the fresh air; subsequently supplying fuel, completely combusting the fuel with oxygen released by the oxygen storage material to form hot compressed combustion gases; injecting liquid water or gaseous water into the combustion space for cooling the oxygen storage material, for cooling an interior of the combustion space, and for increasing a pressure of the hot compressed combustion gases; and using the hot compressed combustion gases for performing mechanical work. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The process of claim 1, wherein the process is carried out using at least two reaction chambers comprising the combustion space, and wherein: (a) a first reaction chamber is supplied with fresh air so that the oxygen storage material present in the first reaction chamber extracts the oxygen from the fresh air; (b) after saturation of the oxygen storage material with oxygen, supply of fresh air is interrupted and the fuel is metered into the first reaction chamber and is completely combusted by oxygen released by the oxygen storage material; (c) the hot compressed combustion gases are supplied to a work chamber; (d) (a) to (c) are carried out consecutively for one or more of the at least two reaction chambers. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The process of claim 1, wherein the process is carried out using at least two reaction chambers comprising the combustion space and wherein an air throughput in each reaction chamber is two to four times an air throughput that would be required in theory for reoxidizing the entire oxygen storage material. ### Claim 4 (depends on 2) The process of claim 2, wherein an air throughput in each reaction chamber is two to four times an air throughput that would be required in theory for reoxidizing the entire oxygen storage material. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The process of claim 1, wherein the oxygen storage material is a solid oxygen storage material. ### Claim 6 (depends on 5) The process of claim 5, wherein the oxygen storage material is a porous body. ### Claim 7 (depends on 5) The process of claim 5, wherein the oxygen storage material is a packed bed. ### Claim 8 An arrangement for carrying out a combustion, wherein combustion gases are automatically compressed and the compressed combustion gases are capable of being used in a combustion engine for performing mechanical work, wherein the arrangement comprises: one or more reaction chambers; an oxygen storage material provided in each of the one or more reaction chambers, the oxygen storage material configured to transport oxygen into a combustion space within the one or more reaction chambers for automatically compressing combustion gases in the combustion space; each reaction chamber comprising: at least one input for a fuel; at least one input for fresh air; and an input for injecting liquid water or gaseous water for cooling the oxygen storage material, for cooling an interior of the reaction chamber, and for increasing a pressure of the compressed combustion gases. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The arrangement of claim 8, wherein the one or more reaction chambers comprises at least two reaction chambers, each reaction chamber comprising a first output for giving off oxygen-depleted air and a second output which is provided with a valve for giving off the compressed combustion gases, the second output being in fluid communication with a downstream work chamber via an input of the downstream work chamber, wherein the respective valve of each reaction chamber is configured to be selectively opened for introducing the compressed combustion gases into the downstream work chamber. ### Claim 10 (depends on 8) The arrangement of claim 8, wherein the oxygen storage material has a reduction enthalpy for oxygen removal of 150 kJ/mol of O2 to 350 kJ/mol of O2. ### Claim 11 (depends on 9) The arrangement of claim 9, wherein the oxygen storage material has a reduction enthalpy for oxygen removal of 150 kJ/mol of O2 to 350 kJ/mol of O2. ### Claim 12 (depends on 8) The arrangement of claim 8, wherein the oxygen storage material comprises a granulate of Ca0.5Sr0.5Mn0.5Fe0.5O3-δ with an open porosity of 30 percent by volume and a density of 3.67 g/cm3. ### Claim 13 (depends on 9) The arrangement of claim 9, wherein the oxygen storage material comprises a granulate of Ca0.5Sr0.5Mn0.5Fe0.5O3-δ with an open porosity of 30 percent by volume and a density of 3.67 g/cm3. ### Claim 14 (depends on 8) The arrangement of claim 8, wherein the oxygen storage material is combined with a catalyst for increasing a reaction rate. ### Claim 15 (depends on 9) The arrangement of claim 9, wherein the oxygen storage material is combined with a catalyst for increasing a reaction rate. ### Claim 16 (depends on 8) The arrangement of claim 8, wherein the oxygen storage material is a solid oxygen storage material. ### Claim 17 (depends on 16) The arrangement of claim 16, wherein the oxygen storage material is a porous body. ### Claim 18 (depends on 16) The arrangement of claim 16, wherein the oxygen storage material is a packed bed. ### Claim 19 (depends on 9) The arrangement of claim 9, wherein the oxygen storage material is a solid oxygen storage material. ### Claim 20 (depends on 19) The arrangement of claim 19, wherein the oxygen storage material is a porous body or a packed bed.