# US 10,870,221 B2 · Gradient tool system for composite parts

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- Number: US 10,870,221 B2
- Document ID: US10870221B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 14/688,973
- Filed: 2015-04-16
- Published: 2016-10-20
- Granted: 2020-12-22
- Earliest claimed: 2015-04-16
- Assignees: The Boeing Company
- Applicants: The Boeing Company
- Inventors: Keith Daniel Humfeld; Kelsi Hurley
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US10870221B2

## CPC

- B29C 33/38: characterised by the material or the manufacturing process (B29C33/44 takes precedence)
- B29C 70/44: using isostatic pressure, e.g. pressure difference-moulding, vacuum bag-moulding, autoclave-moulding or expanding rubber-moulding
- B29K 2995/0012: having particular thermal properties
- B29L 2031/3076: {Aircrafts (blades, propellers B29L2031/08)}
- B29C: SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING (making preforms B29B11/00; making laminated products by combining previously unconnected layers which become one product whose layers will remain together B32B37/00 - B32B41/00)
- B29K: INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR {MOULDS, } REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29L: INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES

## Abstract

A gradient tool for forming a part, the gradient tool comprising a first tool component comprising a first surface and a second surface. The first surface comprising a first material having a first coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), and the second surface comprising a second material having a second CTE. The first CTE of the first material is different than the second CTE of the second material.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A gradient tool for forming a part, the gradient tool comprising:
a first tool component comprising a first surface and a second surface, wherein the first surface of the first tool component comprises a first material having a first coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), wherein the second surface of the first tool component comprises a second material having a second CTE, wherein the first CTE of the first material is different than the second CTE of the second material, and wherein the first material comprises an aluminum-nickel alloy and the second material comprises aluminum; and
a second tool component comprising a first surface, wherein the first surface of the second tool component comprises a third material having a third CTE, wherein the first tool component is removably coupled to the second tool component, and wherein the third CTE of the third material of the first surface of the second tool component is substantially equal to the second CTE of the second material of the second surface of the first tool component.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The gradient tool of claim 1, wherein the first CTE of the first material is lower than the second CTE of the second material.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The gradient tool of claim 1, wherein the first tool component is removably coupled to the second tool component such that the second surface of the first tool component is adjacent the first surface of the second tool component.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The gradient tool of claim 1, wherein the first CTE of the first material of the first tool component is substantially equal to a fourth CTE of the part.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The gradient tool of claim 1, wherein the first surface of the first tool component has a geometrical surface structure to match a geometrical surface structure of the part.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The gradient tool of claim 1, wherein the second surface of the first tool component has a geometrical surface structure to match a geometrical surface structure of the first surface of the second tool component.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The gradient tool of claim 1, wherein the third material of the second tool component comprises aluminum.

### Claim 8 (depends on 1)

The gradient tool of claim 1, further comprising at least one compressible area, wherein the at least one compressible area is an open or a closed cell.

### Claim 9 (depends on 1)

The gradient tool of claim 1, further comprising a plurality of compressible areas.

### Claim 10 (depends on 1)

The gradient tool of claim 1, third material of the second tool component is different than the second material of the first tool component.

### Claim 11 (depends on 1)

The gradient tool of claim 1, further comprising at least one compressible area, wherein the at least one compressible area contains a gas.

### Claim 12 (depends on 1)

A method of manufacturing a composite part using the gradient tool of claim 1, the method comprising the steps of:
laying up a composite part along the first surface of the first tool component of the gradient tool:
sealing a vacuum bag over the composite part;
drawing a vacuum in the vacuum bag so as to compact the composite part;
heating the composite part to a predetermined temperature;
changing a shape of the first surface of the first tool component at a first rate dependent on the first CTE of the first surface, and
changing a shape of the second surface of the first tool component at a second rate dependent on the second CTE of the second surface.

### Claim 13 (depends on 12)

The method of claim 12 further comprising the step of
causing thermal stresses within the first tool component based on the different first CTE and second CTE of the first tool component.

### Claim 14 (depends on 13)

The method of claim 13 further comprising the step of:
compressing a plurality of compressible areas defined by the first tool component so as to respond to the difference of thermal expansion between the first surface and the second surface of the first tool component.

### Claim 15 (depends on 1)

A method of fabricating the gradient tool of claim 1, the method comprising the steps of:
selecting the first material of the first surface of the first tool component, the first material having the first CTE;
configuring the second surface of the first tool component to interface with the second tool component; and
selecting the second material of the second surface of the first tool component wherein the second material has the second CTE.

### Claim 16 (depends on 15)

The method of claim 15 further comprising the step of:
defining a desired tool inner mold line along the first surface of the first tool component.

### Claim 17 (depends on 15)

The method of claim 15 further comprising the step of:
selecting the first material of the first surface of the first tool component, such that the first CTE of the first material is generally equivalent to a CTE of a composite part that is configured to interface with the first surface of the first tool component.

### Claim 18 (depends on 15)

The method of claim 15 further comprising the step of:
selecting the second material of the second surface of the first tool component, such that the second CTE of the second material is generally equivalent to a CTE of the second component part.

### Claim 19 (depends on 15)

The method of claim 15 further comprising the step of:
coupling the first tool component to the second tool component such that the second surface of the first tool component is adjacent the first surface of the second tool component.

### Claim 20 (depends on 15)

The method of claim 15 further comprising the step of:
configuring the first surface of the first tool component to interface with a bottom surface of a composite part.