# US 10,869,614 B2 · System for performing histogram analysis of the time-based capnography signals and method of operation thereof > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 10,869,614 B2 - Document ID: US10869614B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 15/540,151 - Filed: 2015-12-16 - Published: 2017-12-28 - Granted: 2020-12-22 - Earliest claimed: 2014-12-31 - Assignees: Koninklijke Philips N.V. - Applicants: Koninklijke Philips N.V. - Inventors: Joseph Allen Orr; Lara Marie Brewer - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US10869614B2 ## CPC - A61B 5/0836: {Measuring rate of CO2 production} - A61B 5/7221: {Determining signal validity, reliability or quality (preventing, reducing or removing noise induced by motion artefacts A61B5/7207; noise originating from a therapeutic or surgical apparatus A61B5/7217)} - G06F 3/01: Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer (G06F3/16 takes precedence) - A61B: DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION (usefulness limited to only animals A61D) - G06F: ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING (computer systems based on specific computational models G06N) ## Abstract A gas concentration monitoring system (100, 600) may include a processor (110, 610) configured to detect a concentration of a selected gas in a sample gas flow obtained from a physical interface (107) to a patient (101); form a dataset including a plurality of data points, each data point corresponding to the detected concentration of the selected gas within the sample gas flow during a sampling time; group the data points according to a frequency of occurrence of the data points within the sampling time; and/or determine at least one of a signal confidence and signal quality based on relative characteristics between the groups of data points. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A gas concentration monitoring system, comprising: a sensor; a rendering device; a processor coupled to the sensor and the rendering device, where the processor is configured to: receive sensor information from the sensor; determine a concentration of a selected gas from the sensor information that is received by the processor for a sample gas flow obtained from a physical interface to a patient; form a dataset comprising data points, each data point of the data points corresponding to the determined concentration of the selected gas within the sample gas flow at a given time during a sampling time interval, wherein the sampling time Interval encompasses a plurality of breaths including inspiratory and expiratory breaths; group the data points to form groups of data points according to a frequency of occurrence of the data points within the sampling time interval, wherein the groups of data points are formed irrespective of when a given data point of the data points occurs within the sampling time interval; determine at least one of a signal confidence and signal quality for the sampling time interval based on relative characteristics between the groups of data points; and render on the rendering device the determined at least one of the signal confidence and the signal quality. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The gas concentration monitoring system of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to group the data points with each grouping corresponding to a different range of concentrations of the selected gas irrespective of when the given data point occurs within the sampling time interval. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The gas concentration monitoring system of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to determine the at least one of the signal confidence and the signal quality based upon a relative number of data points that are present within the groups of data points. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The gas concentration monitoring system of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to render the groups of data points as a histogram on the rendering device, and wherein a height of the histogram representation of a given group of the groups of data points indicates a cumulative frequency of occurrence of the data points irrespective of when the given data point occurs within the sampling time interval. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The gas concentration monitoring system of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to identify two groups of data points of the groups of data points that correspondingly have a largest and next largest number of data points amongst the groups of data points. ### Claim 6 (depends on 5) The gas concentration monitoring system of claim 5, wherein the processor is configured to determine a number of data points between the two groups of data points and is configured to determine the at least one of a signal confidence and signal quality based upon the determined number of data points. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The gas concentration monitoring system of claim 1, wherein the sampling period of time interval encompasses at least a period of at least 20 seconds. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The gas concentration monitoring system of claim 1, comprising the physical interface, wherein the physical interface comprises a nasal cannula or mask configured for coupling to the patient. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The gas concentration monitoring system of claim 1, further comprising a pneumatic system controlled by the processor to provide a ventilation gas mixture to the physical interface for inhalation by the patient. ### Claim 10 A method of monitoring capnography signals comprising acts of: determining, using a processor, a concentration of a selected gas in a sample gas flow obtained from a physical interface to a patient; forming, using the processor, a dataset comprising data points, each data point of the data points corresponding to the determined concentration of the selected gas within the sample gas flow at a given time during a sampling time interval; grouping, using the processor, the data points to form groups of data points according to a frequency of occurrence of the data points within the sampling time Interval, wherein the groups of data points are formed Irrespective of when a given data point of the data points occurs within the sampling time Interval; determining, using the processor, at least one of a signal confidence and signal quality for the sampling time interval based on relative characteristics between the groups of data points; and rendering, using a rendering device, the determined at least one of the signal confidence and the signal quality. ### Claim 11 (depends on 10) The method of claim 10, wherein the act of grouping the data points comprises an act of grouping the data points based on different ranges of concentrations of the selected gas irrespective of when the given data point occurs within the sampling time interval. ### Claim 12 (depends on 10) The method of claim 10, wherein the act of determining the at least one of the signal confidence and the signal quality comprises an act of determining a relative number of data points that are present within the groups of data points. ### Claim 13 (depends on 10) The method of claim 10, wherein the act of rendering the groups of data points comprises an act of rendering the groups of data points as a histogram on a rendering device, and wherein a height of the histogram representation of a given group of the groups of data points Indicates a cumulative frequency of occurrence of the data points irrespective of when the given data point occurs within the sampling time Interval. ### Claim 14 (depends on 10) The method of claim 10, comprising an act of identifying two groups of data points of the groups of data points that correspondingly have a largest and next largest number of data points amongst the groups of data points. ### Claim 15 (depends on 14) The method of claim 14, comprising an act of determining a number of data points, wherein the act of determining the at least one of a signal confidence and signal quality is based upon the determined number of data points. ### Claim 16 (depends on 10) The method of claim 10, wherein the sampling time interval encompasses a period of at least 20 seconds. ### Claim 17 A computer readable non-transitory medium having computer readable program code for causing a data processing device to perform a method of monitoring capnography signals, the method comprising acts of: determining a concentration of a selected gas from sensor information for a sample gas flow obtained from a physical interface to a patient; forming a dataset comprising data points, each data point corresponding to the determined concentration of the selected gas within the sample gas flow at a given time during a sampling time interval; grouping the data points to form groups of data points according to a frequency of occurrence of the data points within the sampling time interval, wherein the groups of data points are formed irrespective of when a given data point of the data points occurs within the sampling time interval; determining at least one of a signal confidence and signal quality for the sampling time based on relative characteristics between the groups of data points; and initiating a rendering on a rendering device of the determined at least one of the signal confidence and the signal quality. ### Claim 18 (depends on 17) The medium of claim 17, wherein the act of grouping the data points comprises an act of grouping the data points based on different ranges of concentrations of the selected gas irrespective of when the given data point occurs within the sampling time interval. ### Claim 19 (depends on 17) The medium of claim 17, wherein the act of determining the at least one of the signal confidence and the signal quality comprises an act of determining a relative number of data points that are present within the groups of data points. ### Claim 20 (depends on 17) The medium of claim 17, the method comprising an act of identifying two groups of data points of the groups of data points that correspondingly have a largest and next largest number of data points amongst the groups of data points, and the method further comprising an act of determining a number of data points between the two groups of data points, wherein the act of determining the at least one of the signal confidence and the signal quality is based upon the determined number of data points.