# US 10,865,735 B1 · Power piston > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 10,865,735 B1 - Document ID: US10865735B1 - Status: Granted - Kind: B1 - Application number: 15/932,470 - Filed: 2018-03-03 - Granted: 2020-12-15 - Earliest claimed: 2018-03-03 - Applicants: Steven H. Marquardt - Inventors: Steven H. Marquardt - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US10865735B1 ## CPC - F02F 3/28: Other pistons with specially-shaped head - F02B 23/10: with separate admission of air and fuel into cylinder - Y02T 10/12: Improving ICE efficiencies - F02F: CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES - F02B: INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL (gas-turbine plants F02C; hot-gas or combustion-product positive-displacement engine plants F02G) - Y02T: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION ## Abstract An improved method and means for increasing the efficiency and power output of combustion engines, fluid power devices and other force transmitting applications. Pressure wave inversion details are provided to increase fluid flow and applied force while reducing friction and wear. The speed of combustion is also significantly increased which improves fuel economy, emissions and engine performance. ## Claims ### Claim 1 An internal combustion engine comprising: a linearly translating piston having a crown translating along an axis within a combustion chamber; a plurality of circular depressions incorporated into said crown of said piston of said internal combustion engine; wherein each of said plurality of depressions incorporated into said crown of said piston comprise a substantially curved, concave profile with an upwardly extending sharpened projection at a center of each depression providing a geometric ability to permit downward initial pressure contacting a lower surface of the depression to flow inward and converge at the upwardly extending sharpened projection to return pressure upward along the axis as higher speed inverted pressure; and wherein said substantially curved profile with said upwardly extending sharpened projection further provides said higher speed inverted pressure and an increase in surface area thereby increasing applied force to said crown of said piston. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The engine of claim 1 wherein each of said plurality of depressions comprises a wave profile comprised of: a supporting curved structure extending from the lower surface upward to the upwardly extending sharpened projection; wherein said supporting curved structure further provides an improved geometric shape with an ability to condense said initial pressure and is adjacent to and connected to said substantially curved profile; and wherein said improved geometric shape increases and inverts pressure flow while further providing an increase in surface area as a means to increased applied force to said crown. ### Claim 3 A performance improvement to the combustion process of an internal combustion engine having a translating piston translating along an axis comprising: a plurality of circular depressions incorporated into a crown of said translating piston of said internal combustion engine; wherein each of said plurality of depressions incorporated into said crown of said piston comprise a substantially curved, concave profile with an upwardly extending sharpened projection at a center of each depression providing a geometric ability to permit downward initial pressure contacting a lower surface of the depression to flow inward and converge at the upwardly extending sharpened projection to return pressure upward along the axis as higher speed inverted pressure; and wherein said substantially curved profile with said upwardly extending sharpened projection inverts pressure flow and further provides an increase in surface area thereby providing a means to increase applied force to said crown of said piston. ### Claim 4 (depends on 3) The performance improvement of claim 3 wherein each of said plurality of depressions further comprises a wave profile comprised of: a supporting curved structure extending from the lower surface upward to the upwardly extending sharpened projection; wherein said supporting curved structure further is adjacent to and connected to said substantially curved profile and provides an improved geometric shape with an ability to further condense said initial pressure; and wherein said improved geometric shape further provides additional surface area thereby providing further gains in applied force to said crown of said piston. ### Claim 5 (depends on 3) The performance improvement of claim 3 wherein said higher speed inverted pressure and increase in surface area are configured to provide an increased pressure flow within said internal combustion engine thereby providing more uniform temperatures and pressures. ### Claim 6 (depends on 3) The performance improvement of claim 3 wherein said substantially curved profile is configured to direct said higher speed inverted pressure to travel in a substantially linear direction and bypass remaining said initial pressure thereby providing a means to distort and enlarge the flame front of combustion to increase combustion speed. ### Claim 7 (depends on 3) The performance improvement of claim 3 wherein said plurality of depressions are configured to combine with improved ignition timing to reduce excessive temperatures and pressure. ### Claim 8 (depends on 3) The performance improvement of claim 3 wherein said substantially curved profile is configured to provide a robust geometric form that is mechanically reliable and self-cleaning. ### Claim 9 (depends on 3) The performance improvement of claim 3 wherein said plurality of depressions may further be constructed with various outline shapes selected from the group consisting of circles, ovals, line segments, arcs, grooves, partial grooves or in combination thereby; whereby said pressure wave inversion details may be economically manufactured by conventional tooling. ### Claim 10 (depends on 3) The performance improvement of claim 3 wherein said plurality of depressions may further be provided during a casting or molding process by inclusion into primary tooling to reduce manufacturing cost. ### Claim 11 (depends on 3) The performance improvement of claim 3 wherein said plurality of depressions are sized to reduce the volume of material required to be removed from said crown of said piston to avoid adversely affecting the performance of said engine. ### Claim 12 (depends on 3) The performance improvement of claim 3 wherein said plurality of depressions further provide coverage in up to 100 percent of the available surface area of said crown. ### Claim 13 (depends on 3) The performance improvement of claim 3 wherein said substantially curved profile further provides a central axis configured to direct said higher speed inverted pressure in a direction angled with respect to the axis to provide additional control of said higher speed inverted pressure. ### Claim 14 (depends on 3) The performance improvement of claim 3 further provides a means to directly utilize fuels of varying types without requiring additional modification or mechanisms to said internal combustion engine due to increased fuel atomization and increased speed of combustion provided by said higher speed inverted pressure. ### Claim 15 (depends on 3) The performance improvement of claim 3 is operable at all levels of revolutions per minute of said internal combustion engine thereby providing a means of increased performance throughout the speed range of said internal combustion engine. ### Claim 16 (depends on 3) The performance improvement of claim 3 further provides a means to reduce the emitted sound of said internal combustion engine due to the consumption of pressure within the combustion cycle. ### Claim 17 (depends on 3) The performance improvement of claim 3 wherein said plurality of depressions are further coated to provide friction reduction. ### Claim 18 A method of improved efficiency in a reciprocating or linear device translating along an axis comprising: providing a plurality of circular depressions incorporated into a crown of a piston of said reciprocating or linear device; wherein said plurality of depressions incorporated into said crown of said piston comprise a substantially curved, concave profile and an upwardly extending sharpened projection at a center of each depression providing a geometric ability to permit downward initial pressure contacting a lower concave surface of each depression to flow inward and converge at said upwardly extending sharpened projection to return condensed pressure upward along said axis as higher speed inverted pressure; and translating the piston along the axis to increase pressure flow and applied force thereby increasing the efficiency of said reciprocating or linear device. ### Claim 19 A method of improving efficiency and wear reduction in a fluid power device comprising: providing a plurality of circular depressions incorporated into a surface of a moving part of said fluid power device moving along an axis; wherein said plurality of depressions incorporated into said crown of said piston comprise a substantially curved, concave profile and an upwardly extending sharpened projection at a center of each depression providing a geometric ability to permit downward initial pressure contacting a lower concave surface of each depression to flow inward and converge at said upwardly extending sharpened projection to return condensed pressure upward along said axis as higher speed inverted pressure; and wherein said substantially curved profile further traps fluid within said plurality of depressions within said surface of said moving part to provide a protective layer of friction reducing fluid thereby providing increased performance of said moving part and further providing a protective layer of trapped fluid that reduces friction to improve efficiency and reduce wear in said fluid power device. ### Claim 20 (depends on 19) The method of claim 19 wherein each depression comprises a wave profile comprised of: a supporting curved structure extending from the lower surface upward to the upwardly extending sharpened projection; and wherein said supporting curved structure is adjacent to and connected to said substantially curved profile and provides additional surface area to increase force and efficiency.