# US 10,865,719 B2 · Knocking detection method, ignition timing control method, and ignition timing control system > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 10,865,719 B2 - Document ID: US10865719B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 16/070,595 - Filed: 2016-12-27 - Published: 2020-10-15 - Granted: 2020-12-15 - Earliest claimed: 2016-01-22 - Assignees: Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. - Applicants: Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. - Inventors: Akihiro Yuuki; Daisuke Takemoto; Yuta Furukawa - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US10865719B2 ## CPC - F02D 35/027: {using knock sensors} - F02D 45/00: Electrical control not provided for in groups F02D41/00 - F02D43/00 - F02P 5/152: dependent on pinking (detecting or indicating knocks in internal-combustion engines G01L23/22) - F02P 5/153: dependent on combustion pressure - F02D 35/023: {by determining the cylinder pressure} - F02D 37/02: one of the functions being ignition - F02D 2041/1432: {the system including a filter, e.g. a low pass or high pass filter} - F02D 2041/288: {for performing a transformation into the frequency domain, e.g. Fourier transformation} - F02P 2017/128: {for knock detection} - F02D: CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES (vehicle fittings, acting on a single sub-unit only, for automatically controlling vehicle speed B60K31/00; conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function, road vehicle drive control systems for purposes other than the control of a single sub-unit B60W) - F02P: IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES ({anti-pollution means for internal-combustion engines F02B17/00}; specially adapted for rotary-piston or oscillating-piston engines F02B53/12; {ignition of gas turbine plants F02C7/26; ignition of jet propulsion plants F02K9/95; starting of combustion engines F02N9/00}; ignition of combustion apparatus in general, glowing plugs F23Q; measuring of physical variables in general G01; controlling in general G05; data processing in general G06; electrical components in general see Section H; {ignition coils H01F38/12}; sparking plugs H01T13/00) ## Abstract A knocking detection method includes: a step of obtaining an oscillation waveform generated by combustion in the combustion chamber; a step of setting a first time window preceding a maximum inner pressure time at which an inner pressure of the combustion chamber is at maximum in a single combustion cycle and a second time window immediately after the maximum inner pressure time, and transforming each of a first waveform portion included in the first time window and a second waveform portion included in the second time window into an expression-domain expression, of the oscillation waveform; and a step of extracting a first peak at which amplitude of the frequency domain expression of the first waveform portion is at maximum in the first frequency windows and a second value at which the amplitude of the frequency domain region of the second waveform portion is at maximum in the second frequency window and determining whether knocking has occurred on the basis of the second peak value and the first peak value. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A knocking detection method of detecting occurrence of knocking in a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, the method comprising: a step of obtaining an oscillation waveform generated by combustion of air-fuel mixture in the combustion chamber; a step of setting a first time window preceding a maximum inner pressure time at which an inner pressure of the combustion chamber is at maximum in a single combustion cycle and a second time window immediately after the maximum inner pressure time, and transforming each of a first waveform portion included in the first time window and a second waveform portion included in the second time window into an expression-domain expression, of the oscillation waveform; and a step of setting a first frequency window and a second frequency window, calculating a first representative value which is a representative value of the frequency domain expression of the first waveform portion in the first frequency window and a second representative value which is a representative value of the frequency domain expression of the second waveform portion in the second frequency window, and determining whether knocking has occurred on the basis of a relationship between the second representative value and the first representative value. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The knocking detection method according to claim 1, wherein the first representative value includes a first peak value at which an amplitude of the frequency domain expression of the first waveform portion is at maximum in the first frequency window, wherein the second representative value includes a second peak value at which an amplitude of the frequency domain expression of the second waveform portion is at maximum in the second frequency window, and wherein the step of determining whether knocking has occurred includes determining whether knocking has occurred on the basis of a relationship between the second peak value and the first peak value. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The knocking detection method according to claim 1, wherein the first representative value includes a first partial overall (POA) value which is a POA value calculated from the frequency domain expression of the first waveform portion in the first frequency window, wherein the second representative value includes a second POA value which is a POA value calculated from the frequency domain expression of the second waveform portion in the second frequency window, wherein the step of determining whether knocking has occurred includes determining whether knocking has occurred on the basis of a relationship between the second POA value and the first POA value. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The knocking detection method according to claim 1, wherein the first frequency window and the second frequency window are selected so as to include a frequency component which appears as a peak frequency, of a frequency component of an impact wave generated in the combustion chamber due to knocking occurrence. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The knocking detection method according to claim 1, wherein the combustion chamber further comprises a precombustion chamber including an ignition plug disposed therein, and a main chamber in communication with the precombustion chamber via a nozzle hole, and wherein, in each combustion cycle of the internal combustion engine, the first window is set so as to include an ignition timing of the ignition plug. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The knocking detection method according to claim 1, wherein transform of the first waveform portion or the second waveform portion into the frequency domain expression includes a process of transforming a time-series sample of the first waveform portion or the second waveform portion into a set including an amplitude value of each sampling frequency by fast Fourier transform (FFT). ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The knocking detection method according to claim 1, wherein a cylinder constituting the combustion chamber in the internal combustion engine includes an inner pressure measurement device configured to measure and output an inner pressure variation waveform in the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine, wherein the oscillation waveform is extracted as a harmonic component from the inner pressure variation waveform in the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine measured by the inner pressure measurement device, and the harmonic component includes an oscillation frequency component which is unique to the time of occurrence of knocking. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The knocking detection method according to claim 1, wherein a cylinder constituting the combustion chamber in the internal combustion engine includes an acceleration sensor configured to detect and output an acceleration detection waveform in the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine, and wherein the oscillation waveform is obtained as the acceleration detection waveform detected by the acceleration sensor in the internal combustion engine. ### Claim 9 An ignition timing control method of controlling an ignition timing of ignition of air-fuel mixture in a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, comprising: a detection step of detecting presence or absence of occurrence of knocking in each combustion cycle for the ignition timing which is currently set; a correlation update step of calculating a variation trend, up to a present time, of a knocking occurrence frequency on the basis of a result of detection of the presence or absence of occurrence of knocking, and updating a correlation between a change in the ignition timing and the knocking occurrence frequency to a latest state; and an ignition timing control step of controlling the ignition timing of the internal combustion engine on the basis of the correlation, wherein the detection step includes: obtaining an oscillation waveform which is generated by combustion of air-fuel mixture in the combustion chamber; setting a first time window preceding a maximum inner pressure time at which an inner pressure of the combustion chamber is at maximum in a single combustion cycle and a second time window immediately after the maximum inner pressure time, and transforming each of a first waveform portion included in the first time window and a second waveform portion included in the second time window into an expression-domain expression, of the oscillation waveform; and setting a first frequency window and a second frequency window, extracting a first representative value which is a representative value of the frequency domain expression of the first waveform portion in the first frequency window and a second representative value which is a representative value of the frequency domain expression of the second waveform portion in the second frequency window, and determining whether knocking has occurred on the basis of a relationship between the second representative value and the first representative value. ### Claim 10 (depends on 9) The ignition timing control method according to claim 9, wherein the knocking occurrence frequency is calculated as a proportion of a combustion cycle in which occurrence of knocking is detected to total combustion cycles. ### Claim 11 A control system configured to control an ignition timing of ignition of air-fuel mixture in a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, comprising: a knocking detection part configured to detect presence or absence of occurrence of knocking in each combustion cycle for the ignition timing which is currently set; a correlation update part configured to calculate a variation trend, up to a present time, of a knocking occurrence frequency on the basis of a result of detection of the presence or absence of occurrence of knocking, and updating a correlation between a change in the ignition timing and the knocking occurrence frequency to a latest state; an optimum ignition timing calculation part configured to determine an optimum ignition timing of the internal combustion engine on the basis of the correlation, and an ignition timing control part configured to control the ignition timing by using the optimum ignition timing determined by the optimum ignition timing calculation part as a control target value, wherein the knocking detection part includes: an oscillation waveform acquisition part configured to obtain an oscillation waveform which is generated by combustion of air-fuel mixture in the combustion chamber; a time-frequency transform part configured to set a first time window preceding a maximum inner pressure time at which an inner pressure of the combustion chamber is at maximum in a single combustion cycle and a second time window immediately after the maximum inner pressure time, and transform each of a first waveform portion included in the first time window and a second waveform portion included in the second time window into an expression-domain expression, of the oscillation waveform; and a knocking determination part configured to set a first frequency window and a second frequency window, extract a first representative value which is a representative value of the frequency domain expression of the first waveform portion in the first frequency window and a second representative value which is a representative value of the frequency domain expression of the second waveform portion in the second frequency window, and determine whether knocking has occurred on the basis of a relationship between the second representative value and the first representative value. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) The ignition timing control method according to claim 11, wherein the knocking occurrence frequency is calculated as a proportion of a combustion cycle in which occurrence of knocking is detected to total combustion cycles.