# US 10,864,495 B1 · Cavitation apparatus, configured to perform multiple simultaneous cavitations > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 10,864,495 B1 - Document ID: US10864495B1 - Status: Granted - Kind: B1 - Application number: 16/054,318 - Filed: 2018-08-03 - Granted: 2020-12-15 - Earliest claimed: 2018-08-03 - Applicants: Tullia Zucca; Bruno Vaccari - Inventors: Tullia Zucca; Bruno Vaccari - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US10864495B1 ## CPC - B01F 25/23: Mixing by intersecting jets - B01J 19/008: {Processes for carrying out reactions under cavitation conditions} - B01F 25/4335: {Mixers with a converging-diverging cross-section} - B01F 27/2722: {provided with ribs, ridges or grooves on one surface} - B01F 27/2723: {the surfaces having a conical shape} - B01F 33/8212: {with moving and non-moving stirring devices} - C02F 1/34: with mechanical oscillations - C02F 9/00: Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage - C02F 11/00: Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor - B01F 2025/913: {Vortex flow, i.e. flow spiraling in a tangential direction and moving in an axial direction} - C02F 2303/26: Reducing the size of particles, liquid droplets or bubbles, e.g. by crushing, grinding, spraying, creation of microbubbles or nanobubbles - B01F: MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING (mixing paints B44D3/06) - B01J: CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS - C02F: TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE (separation in general B01D; special arrangements on waterborne vessels of installations for treating water, waste water or sewage, e.g. for producing fresh water, B63J; adding materials to water to prevent corrosion C23F; treating radioactively-contaminated liquids G21F9/04; regeneration of reactants for recirculation into processes, see the relevant places for the processes) ## Abstract A cavitation apparatus capable of performing multiple, different-type cavitation processes taking place simultaneously in the same geometric space, thereby obtaining an effective cavitation process that is significantly faster than those provided by conventional cavitation apparatus. The cavitation apparatus can include consecutive and/or simultaneous cavitation units which are configured to carry out consecutive and/or simultaneous cavitation processes on a material flowing through the apparatus, such that effects of one or more prior cavitation processes are present in the material while the material is subjected to one or more further cavitation processes within the apparatus, enhancing the cavitation effects in a reduced amount of time and increasing productivity of the apparatus. In some embodiments, the apparatus can perform seven cavitation processes, of four different types. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A cavitation apparatus, comprising: a set of two or more cavitation units, wherein a first cavitation unit of the set of two or more cavitation units is configured to carry out at least one first cavitation process on a material flowing through the first cavitation unit, and further wherein a second cavitation unit of the set of two or more cavitation units is configured to carry, out at least one second cavitation process on said material from the first cavitation unit while effects of said at least one first cavitation process are present in said material; and further wherein the set of two or more cavitation units comprises a cavitation unit having an internal chamber delimited by a shell configured to act as a stator and a rotor housed within the internal chamber, wherein the rotor and stator are spaced apart and configured to allow a material to flow therebetween from an inlet of the internal chamber to an outlet of the internal chamber, and further wherein the cavitation unit is configured to cause cavitation of the material flowing through the internal chamber by rotation of the rotor; and wherein the rotor comprises a conical section arranged within a conical space of the internal chamber that is delimited by a conical section of an inner wall of the shell, the conical section of the rotor having a smaller conicity than the conical section of the inner wall of the shell. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The cavitation apparatus of claim 1, further comprising an inlet in fluid communication with a first fluid conduit, which in turn is provided in fluid communication with the first cavitation unit and configured to allow the material to flow from the inlet to the first cavitation unit. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) The cavitation apparatus of claim 2, further comprising an outlet in fluid communication with the inlet such that material exiting the cavitation apparatus via the outlet is directed back to the inlet and into the cavitation apparatus via the inlet. ### Claim 4 (depends on 2) The cavitation apparatus of claim 2, further comprising a pump configured to pump a material from the inlet, through the first fluid conduit and into the first cavitation unit. ### Claim 5 (depends on 2) The cavitation apparatus of claim 2, further comprising a magnetic unit alongside the first fluid conduit, the magnetic unit comprising at least one magnet configured to provide a magnetic field to a material flowing through the first fluid conduit. ### Claim 6 (depends on 2) The cavitation apparatus of claim 2, further comprising a feeding unit in fluid communication with the first fluid conduit and configured to enable the feeding of a gas and/or chemical into the first fluid conduit. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The cavitation apparatus of claim 1, further comprising at least one mixer configured to mix and homogenize said material. ### Claim 8 (depends on 7) The cavitation apparatus of claim 7, wherein the at least one mixer comprises a reactor having an internal chamber configured to receive and allow flowing therethrough of a material from the first fluid conduit towards an outlet of the internal chamber, the reactor comprising a plurality of obstacles arranged within the internal chamber and configured to increase turbulence of and homogenize said material flowing through the internal chamber. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The cavitation apparatus of claim 8, wherein the plurality of obstacles comprises at least one of a leave-shaped obstacle and a droplet-shaped obstacle. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The cavitation apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a grinding pump configured to grind said material. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) The cavitation apparatus of claim 1, wherein the set of two or more cavitation units comprises a cavitation unit having a first fluid passageway followed by a second fluid passageway which is narrower than the first passageway, and further wherein the cavitation unit is configured to cause cavitation of a material flowing from the first fluid passageway into the narrower, second fluid passageway. ### Claim 12 (depends on 1) The cavitation apparatus of claim 1, wherein the set of two or more cavitation units comprises a cavitation unit having a fluid passageway in fluid communication with an internal chamber which is wider than the fluid passageway, and further wherein the cavitation unit is configured to cause cavitation of a material flowing from the fluid passageway, into the wider internal chamber. ### Claim 13 (depends on 1) The cavitation apparatus of claim 1, wherein the rotor comprises an outer surface provided with blind holes configured to promote turbulence in the material flowing between the rotor and the shell. ### Claim 14 (depends on 1) The cavitation apparatus of claim 1, wherein the set of two or more cavitation units comprises a first chamber and a second chamber feeding a respective part of said material into a common fluid chamber such that a collision between the respective parts of the material takes place inside the common fluid chamber, wherein each one of the first chamber and second chamber comprises a respective helicoid fluid passageway configured to impart a rotary momentum to the respective part of the material, creating a vortex of said respective part of the material and causing a rotary cavitation in the respective part of the material, and wherein each one of the first chamber and second chamber comprises a conical helicoid fluid passageway section configured to increase the diameter of said vortex and cause an acoustic cavitation in the respective part of the material, such that said rotary and acoustic cavitations are produced in the respective part of the material prior to delivering said respective part of the material to the common fluid chamber, wherein the collision takes place while effects of the rotary and acoustic cavitations are still present in said respective parts of the material subjected to the collision. ### Claim 15 (depends on 14) The cavitation apparatus of claim 14, wherein the first and second chambers are comprised in the second cavitation unit, and the collision takes place while effects of said at least one first cavitation process are still present in said respective parts of the material subjected to the collision. ### Claim 16 (depends on 14) The cavitation apparatus of claim 14, wherein the first and second chambers are opposed to one another and the respective helicoid fluid passageways are configured to impart same rotary momentums to the respective part of the material such that the collision takes place with opposed rotary motion of the vortexes. ### Claim 17 A cavitation apparatus, comprising: a set of two or more cavitation units, wherein a first cavitation unit of the set of two or more cavitation units is configured to carry out at least one first cavitation process on a material flowing through the first cavitation unit, wherein a second cavitation unit of the set of two or more cavitation units is configured to carry, out at least one second cavitation process on said material from the first cavitation unit while effects of said at least one first cavitation process are present in said material; and further wherein one of the first and second cavitation units comprises a first chamber and a second chamber feeding a respective part of said material into a common fluid chamber such that a collision between the respective parts of the material takes place inside the common fluid chamber, wherein each one of the first chamber and second chamber comprises a respective helicoid fluid passageway configured to impart a rotary momentum to the respective part of the material, creating a vortex of said respective part of the material and causing a rotary cavitation in the respective part of the material, and wherein each one of the first chamber and second chamber comprises a conical helicoid fluid passageway section configured to increase the diameter of said vortex and cause an acoustic cavitation in the respective part of the material, such that said rotary and acoustic cavitations are produced in the respective part of the material prior to delivering said respective part of the material to the common fluid chamber, wherein the collision takes place while effects of the rotary and acoustic cavitations are still present in said respective parts of the material subjected to the collision, and further wherein the first and second chambers are opposed to one another and the respective helicoid fluid passageways are configured to impart same rotary momentums to the respective part of the material such that the collision takes place with opposed rotary motion of the vortexes. ### Claim 18 A cavitation apparatus, comprising: a set of two or more cavitation units, wherein a first cavitation unit of the set of two or more cavitation units is configured to carry out at least one first cavitation process on a material flowing through the first cavitation unit, wherein a second cavitation unit of the set of two or more cavitation units is configured to carry out at least one second cavitation process on said material from the first cavitation unit while effects of said at least one first cavitation process are present in said material; and further wherein the second cavitation unit comprises a first chamber and a second chamber feeding a respective part of said material into a common fluid chamber such that a collision between the respective parts of the material takes place inside the common fluid chamber, wherein each one of the first chamber and second chamber comprises a respective helicoid fluid passageway configured to impart a rotary momentum to the respective part of the material, creating a vortex of said respective part of the material and causing a rotary cavitation in the respective part of the material, and wherein each one of the first chamber and second chamber comprises a conical helicoid fluid passageway section configured to increase the diameter of said vortex and cause an acoustic cavitation in the respective part of the material, such that said rotary and acoustic cavitations are produced in the respective part of the material prior to delivering said respective part of the material to the common fluid chamber; wherein the collision takes place while effects of the rotary and acoustic cavitations and said at least one first cavitation process are still present in said respective parts of the material subjected to the collision, and further wherein the first and second chambers are opposed to one another and the respective helicoid fluid passageways are configured to impart same rotary momentums to the respective part of the material such that the collision takes place with opposed rotary motion of the vortexes. ### Claim 19 A cavitation apparatus, comprising: a set of two or more cavitation units, wherein a first cavitation unit of the set of two or more cavitation units is configured to carry out at least one first cavitation process on a material flowing through the first cavitation unit, and further wherein a second cavitation unit of the set of two or more cavitation units is configured to carry out at least one second cavitation process on said material from the first cavitation unit while effects of said at least one first cavitation process are present in said material; and further wherein the set of two or more cavitation units comprises a first chamber and a second chamber feeding a respective part of said material into a common fluid chamber such that a collision between the respective parts of the material takes place inside the common fluid chamber, wherein each one of the first chamber and second chamber comprises a respective helicoid fluid passageway configured to impart a rotary momentum to the respective part of the material, creating a vortex of said respective part of the material and causing a rotary cavitation in the respective part of the material, and wherein each one of the first chamber and second chamber comprises a conical helicoid fluid passageway section configured to increase the diameter of said vortex and cause an acoustic cavitation in the respective part of the material, such that said rotary and acoustic cavitations are produced in the respective part of the material prior to delivering said respective part of the material to the common fluid chamber, wherein the collision takes place while effects of the rotary and acoustic cavitations are still present in said respective parts of the material subjected to the collision. ### Claim 20 (depends on 19) The cavitation apparatus of claim 19, wherein the first and second chambers are comprised in the second cavitation unit, and the collision takes place while effects of said at least one first cavitation process are still present in said respective parts of the material subjected to the collision.