Electrochemical cell including electrolyte having insoluble nitrogen-containing material and battery including the cell

An electrochemical cell, comprising:

• a cathode comprising an electroactive material;
• an anode comprising lithium;
• a separator between the anode and cathode;
• and
• a non-aqueous electrolyte comprising about 60 wt % to about 80 wt % of one or more non-aqueous solvents, about 0.2 m (moles/kg of solvent) to about 2.0 m of one or more lithium salts, about 1 wt % to about 10 wt % of a substantially insoluble nitrogen-containing material, wherein the solubility of the substantially insoluble nitrogen-containing material in the electrolyte is less than 1%,
• wherein the separator comprises pores,
• wherein at least a portion of the non-aqueous electrolyte is within the pores, and
• wherein the substantially insoluble nitrogen-containing material comprises one or more of a nitro compound, polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride, a nitrate or nitrite in combination with a salt, aromatic hydrocarbon, or ether added to the electrolyte to make the nitrate or nitrite insoluble in the electrolyte, a compound including an N—O or amine functional group attached to a carbon chain comprising about 8 to about 25 carbon atoms configured to form micelle structures comprising the N—O or amine functional group, polyethylene imine, polyvinylpyrolidone, polyacrylamide, polyaniline, and polybenzimidazole.