Three-dimensional displays using electromagnetic field computations

A method comprising:

• for each of a plurality of elements of a display,
• obtaining a respective sum of electromagnetic (EM) field contributions from a plurality of primitives in a three-dimensional (3D) space, the plurality of primitives corresponding to an object in the 3D space;
• applying a respective mathematical transform to the respective sum of EM field contributions for the element to obtain a respective transformed sum of EM field contributions for the element;
• determining a respective control signal based on the respective transformed sum of EM filed contributions for the element;
• and
• modulating a property of the element based on the determined respective control signal for the element,
• wherein:
• the respective control signal of the element is determined by a controller based on the respective transformed sum of EM field contributions for the element, and
• the controller is configured to:
• for each of the plurality of primitives, determine an EM field contribution to each of the plurality of elements of the display by computing, in a 3D coordinate system, EM field propagation from the primitive to the element, and
• generate a respective sum of the EM field contributions from the plurality of primitives to each of the plurality of elements.

A device comprising:

• one or more processors;
• and
• a non-transitory computer readable storage medium in communication with the one or more processors and storing instructions executable by the one or more processors and upon such execution cause the one or more processors to perform operations comprising:
• for each of a plurality of elements of a display, altering a respective control signal with a predetermined calibration value;
• applying the respective altered respective control signals to the plurality of elements of the display;
• measuring an output of light incident on the display;
• and
• evaluating the predetermined calibration value based on the measurement of the output of the light,
• wherein:
• the respective control signal of the element is determined by a controller based on a sum of electromagnetic (EM) field contributions from a plurality of primitives corresponding to an object to the element in a three-dimensional (3D) space, and
• the controller is configured to:
• for each of the plurality of primitives, determine an EM field contribution to each of the plurality of elements of the display by computing, in a 3D coordinate system, EM field propagation from the primitive to the element, and
• generate a respective sum of the EM field contributions from the plurality of primitives to each of the plurality of elements.

A device comprising:

• one or more processors;
• and
• a non-transitory computer readable storage medium in communication with the one or more processors and storing instructions executable by the one or more processors and upon such execution cause the one or more processors to perform operations comprising:
• for each of a plurality of elements of a display,
• obtaining a respective sum of electromagnetic (EM) field contributions from a plurality of primitives in a three-dimensional (3D) space, the plurality of primitives corresponding to an object in the 3D space;
• applying a respective mathematical transform to the respective sum of EM field contributions for the element to obtain a respective transformed sum of EM field contributions for the element;
• determining a respective control signal based on the respective transformed sum of EM filed contributions for the element;
• and
• modulating a property of the element based on the determined respective control signal for the element,
• wherein:
• the respective control signal of the element is determined by a controller based on the respective transformed sum of EM field contributions for the element, and
• the controller is configured to:
• for each of the plurality of primitives, determine an EM field contribution to each of the plurality of elements of the display by computing, in a 3D coordinate system, EM field propagation from the primitive to the element, and
• generate a respective sum of the EM field contributions from the plurality of primitives to each of the plurality of elements.