Processes for the preparation of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid and intermediates and derivatives thereof

A process for producing a first 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) pathway product from a first furanic oxidation substrate, the process comprising:

• (a) contacting a first oxidation feedstock comprising a first furanic oxidation substrate and a first oxidation solvent with oxygen in the presence of a first heterogeneous oxidation catalyst under conditions sufficient to form a reaction mixture for oxidizing the first furanic oxidation substrate to a first FDCA pathway product, and producing the first FDCA pathway product;
• wherein the first oxidation solvent is a multi-component solvent comprising water and a water-miscible aprotic organic solvent;
• wherein no base is added to the reaction mixture during (first) contacting step (a);
• wherein the first oxidation feedstock has a pH of less than about 6;
• wherein the first heterogeneous oxidation catalyst comprises a first solid support and a first noble metal, and
• wherein the first solid support comprises a specific surface area in the range of from or any number in between 20 m2/g to 100 m2/g.