Electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge and electrophotographic apparatus

A process cartridge integrally supporting an electrophotographic photosensitive member and at least one unit selected from the group consisting of a charging unit, a development unit, a transfer unit and a cleaning unit, and being detachably attachable to a main body of an electrophotographic apparatus,

• the electrophotographic photosensitive member comprising an electro-conductive support, a photosensitive layer and a protective layer in this order, the protective layer comprising a resin having a triarylamine structure and a cyclic structure represented by formulae (1) or (2)
• where at least two of R1, R5 and R9 are represented by formula (3), and each of the substituents except the substituents represented by formula (3) in R1 to R12 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group,
• where at least two of R21, R23 and R25 are represented by formula (3), and each of the substituents except the substituents represented by formula (3) in R21 to R26 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group,
• where R31 is a single bond or an optionally substituted methylene group, R31 bonds to a ring in the cyclic structure of formulae (1) or (2), and * represents having a bond, wherein
• the protective layer is formed as a cured film by polymerizing a composition containing a first monomer and a second monomer, wherein the first monomer is at least one selected from the group consisting of monomers of OCL-1 and OCL-2, and the second monomer is at least one selected from the group consisting of monomers of L-1, L-2, L-3, L-4, L-5, L-6, L-7 and L-8
• and A is 0.065 to 0.100, where A=S1/S2, and S1 and S2 each represent peak areas of a spectrum obtained by measuring a surface of the protective layer by total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy using Ge as an internal reflection element with a measurement condition of 45° as an incidence angle, when S1 is a peak area based on in-plane deformation vibration of terminal olefin, and S2 is a peak area based on stretching vibration of C═O.

An electrophotographic apparatus, comprising an electrophotographic photosensitive member, a charging unit, an exposure unit, a development unit and a transfer unit;

• the electrophotographic photosensitive member comprising an electro-conductive support, a photosensitive layer and a protective layer in this order, the protective layer comprising a resin having a triarylamine structure and a cyclic structure represented by formulae (1) or (2)
• where at least two of R1, R5 and R9 are represented by formula (3), and each of the substituents except the substituents represented by formula (3) in R1 to R12 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group,
• where at least two of R21, R23 and R25 are represented by formula (3), and each of the substituents except the substituents represented by formula (3) in R21 to R26 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group,
• where R31 is a single bond or an optionally substituted methylene group, R31 bonds to a ring in the cyclic structure of formulae (1) or (2), and * represents having a bond, wherein
• the protective layer is formed as a cured film by polymerizing a composition containing a first monomer and a second monomer, wherein the first monomer is at least one selected from the group consisting of monomers of OCL-1 and OCL-2, and the second monomer is at least one selected from the group consisting of monomers of L-1, L-2, L-3, L-4, L-5, L-6, L-7 and L-8
• and A is 0.065 to 0.100, where A=S1/S2, and S1 and S2 each represent peak areas of a spectrum obtained by measuring a surface of the protective layer by total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy using Ge as an internal reflection element with a measurement condition of 45° as an incidence angle, when S1 is a peak area based on in-plane deformation vibration of terminal olefin, and S2 is a peak area based on stretching vibration of C═O.