A rare earth-doped double-clad optical fiber, comprising a rare earth ion-doped fiber core, an inner cladding layer, and an outer cladding layer, wherein a cross section of the inner cladding layer is a non-circular plane comprising at least two arcuate notches, wherein the cross section of the inner cladding layer is a non-circular plane comprising four identical arcuate notches, wherein the at least two arcuate notches are not connected with one another, wherein the four identical arcuate notches are symmetrically distributed on the non-circular plane, and wherein a ratio between a height of the arcuate notches and a circle diameter of the inner cladding layer is in a range from 0.01 to 0.05.