Three-dimensional membrane electrode assembly, fuel cell provided with the same and fabrication method thereof

A three-dimensional membrane electrode assembly (MEA) for fuel cell, comprising:

• a three-dimensional thin film structure in which an inner space is divided into two intertwined subvolumes by an interface which is a single curved continuous surface,
• wherein the interface is configured as a single continuous MEA thin film, surrounds a first subvolume which is a first single continuous empty space configured to flow fuel therethrough, and surrounds a second subvolume which is a second single continuous empty space intertwined with the first single continuous empty space and configured to flow an oxidizer therethrough,
• wherein the three-dimensional thin film structure is formed by a plurality of unit structures in which a unit structure, including a portion of the interface, a portion of the first subvolume, and a portion of the second subvolume, is continuously, regularly, and repeatedly formed in x, y, and z directions of an XYZ-coordinate system,
• wherein each unit structure of the plurality of unit structure is continuously connected to adjacent unit structure in the x, y, and z directions such that the interface, the first subvolume, and the second subvolume are defined, and
• wherein the interface is a triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) which is a single continuous surface and having a zero or constant mean curvature as a curve structure which is non-self intersecting but repeated periodically in a three-dimensional space in the x, y, and z directions.