Electrodes with controlled amount of lithium attached and method of making same

A method for fabricating an electrode, the method comprising:

• determining thickness of an active layer;
• selecting a lithium (Li) foil having a specified thickness;
• specifying a ratio of a weight of the active layer to a weight of the Li foil;
• determining a portion of a surface of the active layer to be covered by the Li foil based on the ratio, the portion being less than fifty percent of the surface of the active layer;
• determining a Li layer pattern for the Li foil based on the portion of the surface of the active layer to be covered by the Li foil, said determining the Li layer pattern comprising selecting the Li layer pattern that minimizes a Li diffusion distance on the active layer from a plurality of Li foil pieces forming the Li layer pattern;
• positioning the plurality of Li foil pieces on the surface of the active layer in the selected Li layer pattern;
• and
• pressing the Li layer pattern into the surface of the active layer.