Microwave enhanced combustion with dynamic frequency, power, and timing control and with transmission coefficient for power feedback

A system for generating microwaves for microwave enhanced combustion (MEC) input to an MEC antenna of an internal combustion engine, the internal combustion engine further having at least one combustion cylinder, comprising:

• a microwave generator configured to generate an incident signal, the incident signal having a desired frequency and desired power;
• a directional coupler for delivering the incident signal to the MEC antenna and for receiving a reflected signal from the MEC antenna;
• a feedback path comprising a feedback controller configured to receive the incident signal and the reflected signal from the directional coupler, to estimate impedance within the cylinder, to match the impedance to a desired frequency value, to deliver the desired frequency value to the microwave generator, and to calculate a transmission coefficient;
• an open loop control path comprising a feedforward controller that receives engine data and matches the engine data to a desired power;
• wherein the engine data comprises at least one or more of the following engine conditions:
• engine position or ignition timing;
• and
• a desired power adjuster configured to correct the desired power with a correction value derived from the transmission coefficient, thereby producing a corrected desired power, and to deliver the corrected desired power to the microwave generator.