# US 10,770,904 B2 · MPC-based PV maximum power point tracker for transformerless H5 inverter with leakage current reduction > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 10,770,904 B2 - Document ID: US10770904B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 16/390,510 - Filed: 2019-04-22 - Published: 2019-11-28 - Granted: 2020-09-08 - Earliest claimed: 2018-05-24 - Assignees: State Grid Corporation of China; Global Energy Interconnection Research Institute Co., Ltd.; State Grid Beijing Electric Power Company - Applicants: Zhehan Yi; Haifeng Li; Xiaohu Zhang; Xiaoying Zhao; Di Shi; Ruisheng Diao; Zhiwei Wang - Inventors: Zhehan Yi; Haifeng Li; Xiaohu Zhang; Xiaoying Zhao; Di Shi; Ruisheng Diao; Zhiwei Wang - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US10770904B2 ## CPC - H02M 7/53871: {with automatic control of output voltage or current} - H02J 3/38: Arrangements for feeding a single network from two or more generators or sources in parallel; Arrangements for feeding already energised networks from additional generators or sources in parallel - H02J 3/381: {Dispersed generators} - H02J 2101/25: {involving maximum power point tracking control for photovoltaic sources} - Y02E 10/56: Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers - H02M: APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF (transformers H01F; dynamo-electric converters H02K47/00; controlling transformers, reactors or choke coils, control or regulation of electric motors, generators or dynamo-electric converters H02P) - H02J: ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY - Y02E: REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION ## Abstract Systems and methods are disclosed to control a power inverter by extracting photovoltaic (PV) maximum power under a plurality of operating conditions as one or more reference variables; predicting the future behaviors of a PV output voltage as one or more controlled variables based on a current operational condition; generating one or more control signals for the H5 inverter that minimizes an error between the reference variable and the controlled variables; and controlling the power inverter with the one or more control signals. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A method to control a power inverter, comprising: extracting photovoltaic (PV) maximum power under a plurality of operating conditions as one or more reference variables; predicting future behaviors of a PV output voltage as one or more controlled variables based on a current operating condition; generating one or more control signals for the inverter that minimizes the error between the reference variable and the controlled variables; and controlling the power inverter with the one or more control signals. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the inverter comprises a transformerless inverter. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the inverter comprises a transformerless grid-connected PV unit. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the inverter comprises an H5 inverter. ### Claim 5 (depends on 4) The method of claim 4, comprising extracting the maximum power output of a transformerless PV array with the H5 inverter under varying irradiance and temperature. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, comprising determining the optimal control inputs, where at every sampling period Ts, sampling voltage and current values from the transformerless PV array. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, after predicting the future behaviors of the PV output voltage, comprising solving an optimization problem for a cost function. ### Claim 8 (depends on 7) The method of claim 7, wherein the cost function comprises a quadratic cost function. ### Claim 9 (depends on 7) The method of claim 7, wherein the cost function comprises: J=|Vref−VPV(k+1)|2 to an PV array voltage VPV(k+1), where J is the cost representing the error between the reference and control variable, VPV(k+1) is a predicted future value of PV output voltage, and Vref is a reference value of PV output voltage. ### Claim 10 (depends on 7) The method of claim 7, comprising minimizing an error between a reference and predicted value, and selecting control inputs with the least cost. ### Claim 11 (depends on 4) The method of claim 4, comprising evaluating each possible scenario in the four modes of operation of the H5 inverter and selecting a best operation mode at every sampling step. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) The method of claim 11, wherein after the best operation mode is determined, comprising sending gating signals to H5 inverter switches. ### Claim 13 (depends on 12) The method of claim 12, comprising automatically selecting one or more H5 inverter switch signals that lead to a minimum error between controlling states and reference states. ### Claim 14 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, comprising directly applying switching to the H5 inverter without requiring a pulse width modulation (PWM) module. ### Claim 15 A system, comprising: a photovoltaic (PV) array; an inverter coupled to the PV array; a processor coupled to the PV array and the inverter, the processor having computer readable code to: extract photovoltaic (PV) maximum power under a plurality of operating conditions as one or more reference variables; predict the future behaviors of a PV output voltage as one or more controlled variables based on a current operational condition; generate one or more control signals for the H5 inverter that minimizes an error between the reference variable and the controlled variables; and control the power inverter with the one or more control signals. ### Claim 16 (depends on 15) The system of claim 15, wherein the inverter comprises a transformerless inverter. ### Claim 17 (depends on 15) The system of claim 15, wherein the inverter comprises a transformerless grid-connected PV unit. ### Claim 18 (depends on 15) The system of claim 15, wherein the inverter comprises an H5 inverter. ### Claim 19 (depends on 18) The system of claim 18, comprising extracting the maximum power output of a transformerless PV array with the H5 inverter under varying irradiance and temperature. ### Claim 20 A software application to be executed by a processor, the application having computer readable code to: extract photovoltaic (PV) maximum power under a plurality of operating conditions as one or more reference variables; predict the future behaviors of a PV output voltage as one or more controlled variables based on a current operational condition; generate one or more control signals for the H5 inverter that minimizes an error between the reference variable and the controlled variables; and control the power inverter with the one or more control signals.