# US 10,769,966 B2 · Apparatus and method of simulating cardiac phenomena > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 10,769,966 B2 - Document ID: US10769966B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 15/947,817 - Filed: 2018-04-08 - Published: 2019-10-10 - Granted: 2020-09-08 - Earliest claimed: 2018-04-08 - Applicants: Nadew Sebro - Inventors: Nadew Sebro - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US10769966B2 ## CPC - G09B 23/30: Anatomical models {(G09B23/281 - G09B23/288 take precedence)} - G09B 23/303: {specially adapted to simulate circulation of bodily fluids} - G16H 50/50: for simulation or modelling of medical disorders - G06F 30/20: Design optimisation, verification or simulation (optimisation, verification or simulation of circuit designs G06F30/30) - G09B: EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS (devices for psychotechnics or for testing reaction times A61B5/16; games, sports, amusements A63; projectors, projector screens G03B) - G16H: HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA - G06F: ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING (computer systems based on specific computational models G06N) ## Abstract The present invention relates to an apparatus for simulating electrocardial phenomena and related pathologies. A physical replica of a heart is provided with series of light emitters representing actual and conceptual electrocardial pathways, and controls therefor and output thereof, allowing the demonstration and graphical representation of electrocardial phenomena. ## Claims ### Claim 1 An apparatus for simulating different activities of a heart, the apparatus comprising: a microcontroller comprising a memory for storing data, the data comprising physiological cardiac events, cardiac axes, cardiac pathologies, cardiac electrophysiological patterns related to physiological cardiac events, and cardiac electrophysiological patterns related to cardiac pathologies; a first plurality of nodes connected along a first electrical pathway corresponding to an actual electrical network of a living heart; a second plurality of nodes connected along a second electrical pathway corresponding to a conceptual electrical phenomenon of a living heart; and a first plurality of light emitters disposed along the first electrical pathway, the first plurality of light emitters demonstrating at least one of the physiological cardiac events, cardiac axes, cardiac pathologies, cardiac electrophysiological patterns related to physiological cardiac events, and cardiac electrophysiological patterns related to cardiac pathologies, based on a user input. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a transparent shell having a shape replicating a human heart. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the transparent shell is divided into multiple areas corresponding to at least two cardiac anatomical reference, wherein the multiple areas comprise a third group of light emitters, the third group of light emitters demonstrating different cardiac pathologies based on the user input. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the conceptual electrical phenomenon of a living heart is a cardiac axis. ### Claim 5 (depends on 4) The apparatus of claim 4, further comprising a second plurality of light emitters disposed along the second electrical pathway, the second plurality of light emitters demonstrating a cardiac axis vector based on user input. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the microcontroller is connected to a display device for illustrating an electrocardiogram corresponding to at least one of the physiological cardiac events, cardiac axes, cardiac pathologies, cardiac electrophysiological patterns related to physiological cardiac events, and cardiac electrophysiological patterns related to cardiac pathologies. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein at least two of the first plurality of nodes are each in electrical communication with a button operable by the user for completing the first electrical pathway, and wherein the complete electrical pathway corresponds to at least one of the physiological cardiac events, cardiac axes, cardiac pathologies, cardiac electrophysiological patterns related to physiological cardiac events, and cardiac electrophysiological patterns related to cardiac pathologies. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first plurality of light emitters are light emitting diodes. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the user input is provided using a control panel connected to the microcontroller. ### Claim 10 A method of simulating different activities of a heart, the method comprising: storing, in a memory of a microcontroller, data comprising physiological cardiac events, cardiac axes, cardiac pathologies, cardiac electrophysiological patterns related to physiological cardiac events, and cardiac electrophysiological patterns related to cardiac pathologies; providing a transparent shell having a shape replicating a human heart, the transparent shell containing a first plurality of nodes connected along a first electrical pathway corresponding to an actual electrical network of a living heart, a second plurality of nodes connected along a second electrical pathway corresponding to a conceptual electrical phenomenon of a living heart, a first plurality of light emitters disposed along the first electrical pathway, the first plurality of light emitters demonstrating at least one of the physiological cardiac events, the cardiac pathologies, and the cardiac electrophysiologic patterns; and demonstrating, using at least the first plurality of light emitters, at least one of the physiological cardiac events, cardiac axes, cardiac pathologies, cardiac electrophysiological patterns related to physiological cardiac events, and cardiac electrophysiological patterns related to cardiac pathologies, based on the user input. ### Claim 11 (depends on 10) The method of claim 10, further comprising illustrating, using a display device, an electrocardiogram corresponding to the at least one of the physiological cardiac events, cardiac axes, cardiac pathologies, cardiac electrophysiological patterns related to physiological cardiac events, and cardiac electrophysiological patterns related to cardiac pathologies. ### Claim 12 (depends on 10) The method of claim 10, wherein the transparent shell is divided into multiple areas corresponding to at least one of cardiac anatomical references, wherein the multiple areas comprise a third group of light emitters, the third group of light emitters demonstrating different cardiac pathologies based on the user input. ### Claim 13 (depends on 10) The method of claim 10, wherein at least two of the first plurality of nodes are each in electrical communication with a button operable by the user for completing the electrical pathways, and wherein each complete electrical pathway corresponds to at least one of the physiological cardiac events, the related pathologies, and the cardiac electrophysiologic patterns. ### Claim 14 (depends on 10) The method of claim 10, wherein the user input is provided using a control panel connected to the microcontroller. ### Claim 15 (depends on 10) The method of claim 10, wherein the user input comprises an action corresponding to the different activities of the heart, and wherein the action is selected from a group consisting of stopping, slowing down electrical signal conductions, speeding up electrical signal conductions, creating a bypass, creating electrical signal reentry, initiating a normal ectopic event, initiating an altered ectopic event, and demonstrating a cardiac axis vector. ### Claim 16 (depends on 10) The method of claim 10, wherein the conceptual electrical phenomenon of a living heart is a cardiac axis. ### Claim 17 (depends on 16) The method of claim 16, wherein the transparent shell further comprising a second plurality of light emitters disposed along the second electrical pathway, the second plurality of light emitters demonstrating a cardiac axis vector.