# US 10,769,765 B2 · Imaging systems and methods of using the same

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- Number: US 10,769,765 B2
- Document ID: US10769765B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 16/409,979
- Filed: 2019-05-13
- Published: 2019-11-07
- Granted: 2020-09-08
- Earliest claimed: 2015-02-27
- Assignees: The Brigham and Women's Hospital, Inc.
- Applicants: The Brigham and Women's Hospital Inc.
- Inventors: Antonio C. Sobieranski; Utkan Demirci; Huseyin C. Tekin; Fatih Inci
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US10769765B2

## CPC

- G06T 5/50: using two or more images, e.g. averaging or subtraction
- G03H 1/0443: {Digital holography, i.e. recording holograms with digital recording means (holobject computation G03H1/0866)}
- G03H 1/0866: {Digital holographic imaging, i.e. synthesizing holobjects from holograms}
- G03H 1/265: {Angle multiplexing; Multichannel holograms (G03H1/268 takes precedence)}
- H04N 23/951: by using two or more images to influence resolution, frame rate or aspect ratio
- G03H 2001/0447: {In-line recording arrangement}
- G03H 2001/0825: {Numerical processing in hologram space, e.g. combination of the CGH [computer generated hologram] with a numerical optical element}
- G03H 2001/2655: {Time multiplexing, i.e. consecutive records wherein the period between records is pertinent per se}
- G03H 2222/15: Ultra Violet [UV]
- G03H 2226/11: Electro-optic recording means, e.g. CCD, pyroelectric sensors
- G03H 2227/03: Means for moving one component (G03H1/0476, G03H2001/2695 take precedence)
- G03H 2240/56: Resolution
- G06T 2207/20056: Discrete and fast Fourier transform, [DFT, FFT]
- G06T 2207/20221: Image fusion; Image merging
- G06T: IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G03H: HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS (holograms, e.g. point holograms, used as ordinary optical elements G02B5/32; producing stereoscopic or other three-dimensional effects G02B30/00; diffraction-grating systems G02B27/44; systems using moiré fringes G02B27/60; optical logic elements G02F3/00; stereo-photography G03B35/00; photosensitive materials or processes for photographic purposes G03C; {stereo-photographic or similar processes G03C9/00}; apparatus for processing exposed photographic materials G03D; analogue computers performing mathematical operations with the aid of optical elements G06E3/00; authentication by radiation, of concealed information carried by holograms or diffraction gratings G06K19/16; holographic storage G11B7/0065, G11C13/04; {stereoscopic or other three dimensional effects in television systems H04N13/00})
- H04N: PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION

## Abstract

Method and system for lensless, shadow optical imaging. Formation of a hologram shadow image having higher spatial resolution and lower noise level is accomplished by processing image information contained in multiple individual hologram shadow image frames acquired either under conditions of relative shift between point light source and the detector of the system or under stationary conditions, when system remains fixed in space and is devoid of any relative movement during the process of acquisition of individual image frames.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A shadow optical imaging method comprising:
receiving, at a single detector of a lensless optical imaging system, an optical shadow cast thereon by an object disposed in immediate proximity to said single detector and irradiated with a single diverging monochromatic wavefront of light produced by a light source,
wherein said wavefront of light has an axis;
acquiring multiple sets of optical data with said single detector over a period of time, each set of optical data representing a respectively-corresponding first image of said optical shadow formed with said wavefront at a respectively-corresponding point in time within said period in absence of a relative movement of any of the light source, the object, and the single detector along the axis,
wherein a first spatial position of at least one of said detector, said object, and said light source is different from a second spatial position of at least one of said detector, said object, and said light source, the first spatial position defined at a first point in time within said period, the second spatial position defined at a second point in time within said period;
wherein said first image is characterized by first spatial resolution;
from said multiple sets of optical data, forming a second image of said object with a computer processor by minimizing a cost-function that at least partially represents a degree of blurring of each first image,
wherein said second image is characterized by second spatial resolution, the second spatial resolution being higher than the first spatial resolution.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

A method according to claim 1, wherein said wavefront has a rate of spatial divergence that remains unchanged during said period.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

A method according to claim 1, further comprising:
introducing a relative spatial shift, between the object and said axis of the single diverging wavefront, in a plane parallel to the plane of said single detector, and wherein the acquiring multiple sets of optical data includes forming multiple images of said optical shadow each of which corresponds to a different value of said relative spatial shift.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

A method according to claim 1, wherein said forming a second image of said object includes forming said second image with the computer processor by minimizing a function E, representing an error of sub-pixel spatial alignment,
wherein
E(I,L)=αiΣi=1m(Li−I)2+β(∇I),
wherein L is a set of first images transformed by a set of decision continuous variables αi, I is irradiance of image pixel, and β(∇I) is a measure of focus representing sharpness of a given first image.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

A method according to claim 1, wherein the first image is characterized by the first signal to noise ratio (SNR), the second image is characterized by the second SNR, and the second SNR is higher than the first SNR.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

A method according to claim 1, wherein said acquiring includes acquiring said multiple sets of optical data with said single detector over said period of time in absence of any relative movement of any of the light source, the object, and the single detector.

### Claim 7

A shadow optical imaging method comprising:
receiving, at a single detector of a lensless optical imaging system, an optical shadow cast thereon by an object that is disposed in immediate proximity to said single detector and that is irradiated with a single diverging monochromatic wavefront of light produced by a light source,
wherein said wavefront of light has an axis;
acquiring multiple sets of optical data with said single detector over a period of time, each set of optical data representing a respectively-corresponding first image of said optical shadow formed with said wavefront at a respectively-corresponding point in time within said period in absence of a relative movement of any of the light source, the object, and the single detector along the axis,
wherein said wavefront has a rate of spatial divergence that remains unchanged in time and an optical axis the spatial orientation of which remains unchanged during said period of time,
wherein said first image is characterized by a first spatial resolution;
from said multiple sets of optical data, forming a second image of said object with a computer processor, said forming including anisotropic filtering of a set of optical data from said multiple sets to correct geometrical information of each first image.

### Claim 8 (depends on 7)

A method according to claim 7, wherein spatial positions and orientations of said detector, said object, and said light source remain unchanged during said acquiring.

### Claim 9 (depends on 7)

A method according to claim 7, wherein said receiving the optical shadow includes receiving said optical shadow cast onto said detector without cessation and interruption in time during said period.

### Claim 10 (depends on 7)

A method according to claim 7, further comprising forming said diverging wavefront of light by spatially-filtering light that has been emitted by the only light source of said system at a pinhole.