# US 10,768,655 B2 · Maximizing of energy delivery system compatibility with voltage optimization

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- Number: US 10,768,655 B2
- Document ID: US10768655B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 16/366,356
- Filed: 2019-03-27
- Published: 2019-08-08
- Granted: 2020-09-08
- Earliest claimed: 2013-03-15
- Assignees: Dominion Energy, Inc.
- Applicants: Dominion Energy, Inc.
- Inventors: Phillip W. Powell; Stephen J. Tyler; Melissa A. Peskin
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US10768655B2

## CPC

- G05F 1/66: Regulating electric power
- G05B 15/02: electric
- H02J 3/1821: using shunt compensators
- H02J 3/46: Controlling the sharing of generated power between the generators, sources or networks
- H02J 13/13: characterised by the transmission of data to equipment in the power network
- H02J 13/1311: {using the power network as support for the transmission}
- H02J 13/1323: {using optical fibres}
- H02J 13/333: the equipment forming part of substations
- Y02B 90/20: Smart grids as enabling technology in buildings sector (smart grids supporting the management or operation of end-user stationary applications in general, or like technologies with no associated climate change mitigation effect Y04S20/00)
- Y02E 40/30: Reactive power compensation
- Y02E 40/70: Smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the energy generation sector
- Y02E 60/00: Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y04S 10/22: Flexible AC transmission systems [FACTS] or power factor or reactive power compensating or correcting units
- Y04S 10/50: Systems or methods supporting the power network operation or management, involving a certain degree of interaction with the load-side end user applications
- Y04S 40/12: characterised by data transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated electrical equipment
- Y04S 40/121: using the power network as support for the transmission
- Y04S 40/124: using wired telecommunication networks or data transmission busses
- G05F: SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G05B: CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS (systems for controlling or regulating non-electric variables G05D; systems for regulating electric or magnetic variables G05F; control devices or systems insofar as characterised by mechanical features only G05G)
- H02J: ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- Y02B: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02E: REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y04S: SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS

## Abstract

A method, apparatus, system and computer program is provided for controlling an electric power system, including implementation of a voltage control and conservation (VCC) system used to optimally control the independent voltage and capacitor banks using a linear optimization methodology to minimize the losses in the EEDCS and the EUS. An energy validation process system (EVP) is provided which is used to document the savings of the VCC and an EPP is used to optimize improvements to the EEDCS for continuously improving the energy losses in the EEDS. The EVP system measures the improvement in the EEDS a result of operating the VCC system in the “ON” state determining the level of energy conservation achieved by the VCC system. In addition the VCC system monitors pattern recognition events and compares them to the report-by-exception data to detect HVL events. If one is detected the VCC optimizes the capacity of the EEDS to respond to the HVL events by centering the piecewise linear solution maximizing the ability of the EDDS to absorb the HVL event.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A control system for an electric power grid configured to supply electric power from a supply point to a plurality of consumption locations, the system comprising:
a plurality of sensors, wherein each sensor is located at a respective one of a plurality of distribution locations on the electric power grid at or between the supply point and at least one of the plurality of consumption locations, and wherein each sensor is configured to sense at least one component of a supplied electric power at the respective distribution location and at least one of the plurality of sensors is configured to generate measurement data based on the sensed component of the power;
a controller adapted to receive the measurement data from the sensors and to communicate with at least one component adjusting device to adjust a component of the electric power grid, wherein the controller is adapted to operate the at least one component adjusting device within first upper and lower limits for a first control mode or within second upper and lower limits for a high variation and loading (HVL) control mode, and the controller is adapted to select either first or HVL control modes for each block within a plurality of blocks of the electric power grid; and
wherein the at least one component adjusting device is adapted to adjust a component of the electric power grid based on the measurement data.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, wherein the component of the supplied electric power is voltage and the first and second upper and lower limits are first and second controller target bands.

### Claim 3 (depends on 2)

The system of claim 2, wherein the first control mode is conservation voltage reduction (CVR).

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, wherein the controller is adapted to receive the measurement data from each sensors of a subset of the plurality of sensors and the controller is adapted to operate the at least one component adjusting device based on the measurement data received from the subset.

### Claim 5 (depends on 2)

The system of claim 2, wherein the voltage component of the supplied electric power includes the voltage magnitude and the voltage angle.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, wherein the controller selects either the first or HVL control modes based on a determination of the system energy state using a measurement of source energy and measurement data received from the sensors.

### Claim 7 (depends on 4)

The system of claim 4, wherein the subset is chosen based on a characteristic of the sensor.

### Claim 8 (depends on 7)

The system of claim 7, wherein the characteristic is that the sensors are within a specific block of the distribution grid.

### Claim 9 (depends on 7)

The system of claim 7, wherein the characteristic is that the sensors are within a specific zone of the distribution grid.

### Claim 10 (depends on 4)

The system of claim 4, wherein the controller is further adapted modify the first and HVL upper and lower limits based on a comparison of the measurement data received from the sensors.

### Claim 11 (depends on 6)

The system of claim 6, wherein the controller is further adapted to add to the subset the at least one other sensor in response to receiving the report-by exception data.

### Claim 12 (depends on 11)

The system of claim 11, wherein the report-by exception data is received when the at least one other sensor is outside at least one of first and second upper and lower limits.

### Claim 13 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, wherein the controller is adapted to select either first or HVL control modes separately for each block within the plurality of blocks.

### Claim 14 (depends on 6)

The system of claim 6, wherein the controller is a voltage controller and is further adapted to adjust an energy delivery parameter when one of the voltages at a user location or the determined average voltage is below a predetermined minimum voltage value, the predetermined minimum voltage value being based on a safe nominal operating range.

### Claim 15 (depends on 6)

The system of claim 6, wherein the subset corresponds to a measured component phase and sensors of the subset sensing a component having an incorrect phase are deleted from the subset.

### Claim 16 (depends on 15)

The system of claim 15, wherein there are a plurality of subsets of sensors, each corresponding to a phase of the component of electric power, and the sensors deleted from the subset due to incorrect phase are added to the subset having the correct corresponding phase.

### Claim 17 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, wherein the component of the supplied electric power is at least one of phase angle, current angle, power factor, VAR and power vectors.

### Claim 18 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, wherein the component adjusting device is adapted to vary at least one of a phase angle, a current angle, a power factor, a VAR and a power vector.

### Claim 19 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, wherein the component of the supplied electric power is a complex voltage.

### Claim 20 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, wherein the controller is further adapted to determine a complex voltage based on measurement data from the plurality of sensors.

### Claim 21 (depends on 4)

The system of claim 4, wherein the subset for the first mode is different from the subset for the HVL mode.

### Claim 22 (depends on 10)

The system of claim 10, wherein the controller is further adapted to determine the second upper and lower limits for the HVL control mode using a linear model.

### Claim 23 (depends on 22)

The system of claim 22, wherein the linear model is a piecewise linear model.

### Claim 24 (depends on 4)

The system of claim 4, wherein the controller is further adapted to select the first and/or HVL control modes based on a comparison of report-by-exception data to a previously stored HVL pattern.

### Claim 25

A non-transitory computer readable media having instructions for a control system for an electric power grid adapted to supply electric power from a supply point to a plurality of consumption locations, the instructions comprising:
a sensor receiving instruction adapted to receive measurement data from at least one of a plurality of sensors, wherein each sensor is located at a respective one of a plurality of distribution locations on the electric power grid at or between the supply point and at least one of the plurality of consumption locations, and wherein each sensor is adapted to sense at least one component of a supplied electric power at the respective distribution location;
a controller instruction adapted to operate the at least one component adjusting device within first upper and lower limits for a first control mode or within second upper and lower limits for a high variation and loading (HVL) control mode, and the controller is adapted to select either the first or HVL control modes for each block within a plurality of blocks of the electric power grid;
a component adjusting instruction adapted to communicate with at least one component adjusting device and to cause the at least one component adjusting device to adjust a component of the electric power grid based on the measurement data.

### Claim 26 (depends on 25)

The computer readable media of claim 25, wherein the component of the supplied electric power is voltage and the first and second upper and lower limits are first and second controller target bands.

### Claim 27 (depends on 26)

The computer readable media of claim 26, wherein the first control mode is conservation voltage reduction (CVR).

### Claim 28 (depends on 25)

The computer readable media of claim 25, wherein sensor receiving instruction is further adapted to receive the measurement data from each sensors of a subset of the plurality of sensors and the controller instruction further is adapted to operate the at least one component adjusting device based on the measurement data received from the subset.

### Claim 29 (depends on 26)

The computer readable media of claim 26, wherein the voltage component of the supplied electric power includes the voltage magnitude and the voltage angle.

### Claim 30 (depends on 25)

The computer readable media of claim 25, wherein the controller instruction is adapted to select either the first or HVL control modes based on a determination of the system energy state using a measurement of source energy and measurement data received from the sensors.

### Claim 31 (depends on 28)

The computer readable media of claim 28, wherein the sensor receiving instruction is further adapted to receive report-by exception data from at least one other sensor of the plurality of sensors that is not included in the subset.

### Claim 32 (depends on 28)

The computer readable media of claim 28, wherein the subset is chosen based on a characteristic of the sensor.

### Claim 33 (depends on 32)

The computer readable media of claim 32, wherein the characteristic is that the sensors are within a specific block of the distribution grid.

### Claim 34 (depends on 32)

The computer readable media of claim 32, wherein the characteristic is that the sensors are within a specific zone of the distribution grid.

### Claim 35 (depends on 28)

The computer readable media of claim 28, wherein the controller instruction is further adapted modify the first and HVL upper and lower limits based on a comparison of the measurement data received from the sensors.

### Claim 36 (depends on 31)

The computer readable media of claim 31, wherein the controller instruction is further adapted to add to the subset the at least one other sensor in response to receiving the report-by exception data.

### Claim 37 (depends on 36)

The computer readable media of claim 36, wherein the report-by exception data is received when the at least one other sensor is outside at least one of first and second upper and lower limits.

### Claim 38 (depends on 25)

The computer readable media of claim 25, wherein the controller instruction is further adapted to select either first or HVL control modes separately for each block within the plurality of blocks separately.

### Claim 39 (depends on 31)

The computer readable media of claim 31, wherein the controller instruction is further adapted to adjust an energy delivery parameter when one of the voltages at a user location or the determined average voltage is below a predetermined minimum voltage value, the predetermined minimum voltage value being based on a safe nominal operating range.

### Claim 40 (depends on 31)

The computer readable media of claim 31, wherein the subset corresponds to a measured component phase and sensors of the subset sensing a component having an incorrect phase are deleted from the subset.

### Claim 41 (depends on 40)

The computer readable media of claim 40, wherein there are a plurality of subsets of sensors, each corresponding to a phase of the component of electric power, and the sensors deleted from the subset due to incorrect phase are added to the subset having the correct corresponding phase.

### Claim 42 (depends on 25)

The computer readable media of claim 25, wherein the component of the supplied electric power is at least one of phase angle, current angle, power factor, VAR and power vectors.

### Claim 43 (depends on 25)

The computer readable media of claim 25, wherein the component adjusting instruction is adapted to vary at least one of a phase angle, a current angle, a power factor, a VAR and a power vector.

### Claim 44 (depends on 25)

The computer readable media of claim 25, wherein the component of the supplied electric power is a complex voltage.

### Claim 45 (depends on 25)

The computer readable media of claim 25, wherein the controller instruction is further adapted to determine a complex voltage based on measurement data from the plurality of sensors.

### Claim 46 (depends on 28)

The computer readable media of claim 28, wherein the subset for the first mode is different from the subset for the HVL mode.

### Claim 47 (depends on 35)

The computer readable media of claim 35, wherein the controller instruction is further adapted to determine the second upper and lower limits for the HVL control mode using a linear model.

### Claim 48 (depends on 47)

The computer readable media of claim 47, wherein the linear model is a piecewise linear model.