# US 10,768,364 B1 · High-efficiency, high-divergence chip-scale emitter using a waveguide defect between resonant gratings

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- Number: US 10,768,364 B1
- Document ID: US10768364B1
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B1
- Application number: 16/512,227
- Filed: 2019-07-15
- Granted: 2020-09-08
- Earliest claimed: 2019-07-15
- Assignees: Honeywell International Inc.
- Applicants: Honeywell International Inc.
- Inventors: Matthew Wade Puckett; Neil A. Krueger
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US10768364B1

## CPC

- G01S 7/4817: {relating to scanning}
- G02B 6/12014: {characterised by the wavefront splitting or combining section, e.g. grooves or optical elements in a slab waveguide}
- G02B 6/124: Geodesic lenses or integrated gratings
- G02F 1/292: {by controlled diffraction or phased-array beam steering (controlled diffraction for optical switching G02F1/31)}
- G02B 6/29301: {based on a phased array of light guides (integrated arrayed waveguide gratings G02B6/12009)}
- G02B 6/29395: {configurable, e.g. tunable or reconfigurable (switching G02B6/35)}
- G02B 2006/12107: {Grating}
- G01S: RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G02B: OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02F: OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS

## Abstract

In one example, a chip-scale emitter includes a resonator formed in a waveguide, wherein the resonator includes a first grating formed in the waveguide and a second grating formed in the waveguide that is separate from the first grating; and a scattering element consisting of a single defect in the waveguide, wherein the scattering element is positioned between the first grating and the second grating in the waveguide.

## Claims

### Claim 1

An optical phased array, comprising:
an optical source;
first waveguides optically coupled to the optical source;
one or more phase shifters, wherein each respective phase shifter of the one or more phase shifters is positioned along a portion of a respective first waveguide of the first waveguides; and
first chip-scale emitters, wherein each respective first chip-scale emitter of the first chip-scale emitters comprises:
a first grating formed in the respective first waveguide;
a second grating formed in the respective first waveguide, wherein the second grating is separate from the first grating, wherein the first grating and the second grating form a resonator; and
a scattering element consisting of a single defect in the respective first waveguide, wherein the scattering element is positioned between the first grating and the second grating in the respective first waveguide.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The optical phased array of claim 1, wherein the single defect comprises a single abrupt change in the width of the respective first waveguide.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The optical phased array of claim 1, wherein the single defect is a single gap in the respective first waveguide.

### Claim 4 (depends on 3)

The optical phased-array of claim 3, wherein the single gap is circular, elliptical, or squared-shaped.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The optical phased array of claim 1, wherein the first grating and the second grating are apodized.

### Claim 6 (depends on 5)

The optical phased array of claim 5, wherein the first chip-scale emitters are configured with first scattering elements and further including second chip-scale emitters that are configured with second, different scattering elements.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The optical phased array of claim 1, wherein the one or more phase shifters are microheaters configured to be tuned through a thermo-optic effect.

### Claim 8 (depends on 1)

The optical phased array of claim 1, wherein the one or more phase shifters are formed from an electro-optic material configured to be tuned through an electro-optic effect.

### Claim 9

A chip-scale emitter, comprising:
a resonator formed in a waveguide, wherein the resonator includes a first grating formed in the waveguide and a second grating formed in the waveguide that is separate from the first grating; and
a scattering element consisting of a single defect in the waveguide, wherein the scattering element is positioned between the first grating and the second grating in the waveguide.

### Claim 10 (depends on 9)

The chip-scale emitter of claim 9, wherein the single defect comprises a single abrupt change in width in the waveguide.

### Claim 11 (depends on 9)

The chip-scale emitter of claim 9, wherein the single defect is a single hole in the waveguide.

### Claim 12 (depends on 11)

The chip-scale emitter of claim 11, wherein the single hole is circular, elliptical, or squared-shaped.

### Claim 13 (depends on 9)

The chip-scale emitter of claim 9, wherein the first grating and the second grating are apodized.

### Claim 14 (depends on 9)

The chip-scale emitter of claim 9, wherein the first grating and the second grating comprise periodic structures in the waveguide.

### Claim 15 (depends on 14)

The chip-scale emitter of claim 14, wherein the periodic structures in the waveguide comprise sub-wavelength holes in the waveguide.

### Claim 16 (depends on 9)

The chip-scale emitter of claim 9, wherein the first grating and the second grating comprise Bragg mirrors.

### Claim 17

A photonics chip, comprising:
a plurality of waveguides; and
a plurality of chip-scale emitters optically coupled to the plurality of waveguides, wherein each chip-scale emitter of the plurality of chip-scale emitters includes:
a resonator formed in a respective waveguide, wherein the resonator includes a first grating formed in the respective waveguide and a second grating formed in the respective waveguide that is separate from the first grating; and
a scattering element consisting of a single defect in the respective waveguide, wherein the scattering element is positioned between the first grating and the second grating in the respective waveguide.

### Claim 18 (depends on 17)

The photonics chip of claim 17, wherein the single defect comprises a single abrupt change in width in the respective waveguide.

### Claim 19 (depends on 17)

The chip-scale emitter of claim 17, wherein the single defect comprises a single gap in the respective waveguide, wherein the single gap is circular, elliptical, or squared-shaped.

### Claim 20 (depends on 17)

The photonics chip of claim 17, further comprising an optical source integrated on the photonics chip, wherein the optical source is optically coupled to the plurality of waveguides.