# US 10,767,467 B2 · Well ranging apparatus, systems, and methods

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- Number: US 10,767,467 B2
- Document ID: US10767467B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 15/666,137
- Filed: 2017-08-01
- Published: 2017-11-30
- Granted: 2020-09-08
- Earliest claimed: 2014-08-11
- Assignees: Halliburton Energy Services, Inc.
- Applicants: Halliburton Energy Services, Inc.
- Inventors: Hsu-Hsiang Wu
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US10767467B2

## CPC

- E21B 47/0228: using electromagnetic energy or detectors therefor
- E21B 7/04: Directional drilling
- E21B 33/14: for cementing casings into boreholes
- E21B 47/024: of devices in the borehole (determining slope or direction of the borehole E21B47/022)
- E21B 47/12: Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling
- G01V 3/26: operating with magnetic or electric fields produced or modified either by the surrounding earth formation or by the detecting device (with electromagnetic waves G01V3/30)
- G01V 20/00: Geomodelling in general
- G06F 17/11: for solving equations {, e.g. nonlinear equations, general mathematical optimization problems (optimization specially adapted for a specific administrative, business or logistic context G06Q10/04)}
- E21B 43/2406: {Steam assisted gravity drainage [SAGD]}
- E21B 47/13: by electromagnetic energy, e.g. radio frequency
- E21B 47/18: through the well fluid {, e.g. mud pressure pulse telemetry}
- E21B: EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- G01V: GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS (means for indicating the location of accidentally buried, e.g. snow-buried, persons A63B29/02)
- G06F: ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING (computer systems based on specific computational models G06N)

## Abstract

Disclosed embodiments include well ranging apparatus, systems, and methods which operate to receive normal components of electromagnetic field strength azimuthal measurements within a first well at different tool azimuth angles in the first well. Further activities include determining an approximate range from the sensors to a second well that serves as a source of an electromagnetic field, via direct transmission or backscatter transmission, using the normal components of the electromagnetic field strength azimuthal measurements. In some embodiments, the approximate range can be determined without introducing sensor azimuthal separation into range calculations. Additional apparatus, systems, and methods are disclosed.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A method, comprising:
obtaining, by at least four sensors attached to a down hole tool, electromagnetic field strength measurements within a first well while the sensors remain relatively stationary;
determining an approximate ranging distance from the sensors to a second well that serves as a source of an electromagnetic field, via direct transmission or backscatter transmission, using only normal components of the electromagnetic field strength measurements, wherein the at least four sensors comprise two pairs of sensors Pair1 and Pair2, and
wherein in response to a value of (ΔS/R) being less than one, the approximate ranging distance is calculated according to the formula:
1
(
Δ
⁢
⁢
H
2
⁢
Δ
⁢
⁢
S
H
)
Pair
⁢
⁢
1
2
+
(
Δ
⁢
⁢
H
2
⁢
Δ
⁢
⁢
S
H
)
Pair
⁢
⁢
2
2
=
R
2
⁢
(
1
+
(
Δ
⁢
⁢
S
R
)
2
)
≈
R
2
,
wherein H is one of the normal components of the electromagnetic field strength measurements, ΔH is a difference between the first and a second set of field strength components, ΔS is a separation between one of the sensors and a tool center, and R is the approximate ranging distance.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein a pair of the at least four sensors comprises a gradient sensor that determines a gradient component based on the normal components received by the pair of sensors, and wherein said determining the approximate ranging distance further includes determining the approximate ranging distance based on the normal components and the gradient component.

### Claim 3

An apparatus, comprising:
at least four sensors attached to a down hole housing, the at least four sensors obtaining electromagnetic field strength measurements within a first well while the sensors remain relatively stationary within the first well; and
a processing module configured to determine an approximate ranging distance from the sensors to a second well that serves as a source of an electromagnetic field, via direct transmission or backscatter transmission, using only normal components of the electromagnetic field strength measurements, wherein a pair of the at least four sensors comprises a gradient sensor that determines a gradient component based on the normal components received by the pair of sensors, and wherein said determining the approximate ranging distance further includes determining the approximate ranging distance based on the normal components and the gradient component.

### Claim 4 (depends on 3)

The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the at least four sensors comprise two pairs of sensors Pair1 and Pair2, and wherein if a value of (ΔS/R) is less than one, the approximate ranging distance is calculated according to the formula:
1
(
Δ
⁢
⁢
H
2
⁢
Δ
⁢
⁢
S
H
)
Pair
⁢
⁢
1
2
+
(
Δ
⁢
⁢
H
2
⁢
Δ
⁢
⁢
S
H
)
Pair
⁢
⁢
2
2
=
R
2
⁢
(
1
+
(
Δ
⁢
⁢
S
R
)
2
)
≈
R
2
,
wherein H is one of the normal components of the electromagnetic field strength measurements, ΔH is a difference between the first and a second set of field strength components, ΔS is a separation between one of the sensors and a tool center, and R is the approximate ranging distance.

### Claim 5

A method, comprising:
obtaining, by at least one sensor, electromagnetic field strength azimuthal measurements within a first well at different tool azimuth angles in the first well; and
determining an approximate range from the at least one sensor to a second well that serves as a source of an electromagnetic field, via direct transmission or backscatter transmission, using only the normal components of the electromagnetic field strength azimuthal measurements, wherein in response to a value of (ΔS/R) being less than one, the approximate range is calculated according to the formula:
1
(
Δ
⁢
⁢
H
2
⁢
Δ
⁢
⁢
S
H
)
Pair
⁢
⁢
1
2
+
(
Δ
⁢
⁢
H
2
⁢
Δ
⁢
⁢
S
H
)
Pair
⁢
⁢
2
2
=
R
2
⁢
(
1
+
(
Δ
⁢
⁢
S
R
)
2
)
≈
R
2
,
wherein H is one of the normal components of the electromagnetic field strength measurements, ΔH is a difference between the first and a second set of field strength components, ΔS is a separation between one of the sensors and a tool center, and R is the approximate range.

### Claim 6 (depends on 5)

The method of claim 5, wherein the azimuthal measurements are obtained from substantially stationary measurements at multiple sensors installed at different tool azimuth angles.

### Claim 7 (depends on 5)

The method of claim 5, wherein the azimuthal measurements are obtained from a single sensor taking multiple measurements at the different tool azimuthal angles obtained by rotating a tool housing to which the single sensor is attached.

### Claim 8 (depends on 5)

The method of claim 5, wherein the azimuthal measurements are obtained from a pair of sensors making a first set of the electromagnetic field strength azimuthal measurements at a first one of the different tool azimuthal angles, and from the pair of sensors making a second set of the electromagnetic field strength azimuthal measurements at a second one of the different tool azimuthal angles approximately 90 degrees away from the first one of the different tool azimuthal angles.

### Claim 9

An apparatus, comprising:
at least one sensor attached to a down hole tool housing, the at least one sensor obtaining electromagnetic field strength azimuthal measurements at different tool azimuth angles in a first well; and
a processing system configured to determine an approximate range from the sensors to a second well that serves as a source of an electromagnetic field, via direct transmission or backscatter transmission, using only normal components of the electromagnetic field strength azimuthal measurements, wherein in response to a value of (ΔS/R) being less than one, the approximate range is calculated according to the formula:
1
(
Δ
⁢
⁢
H
2
⁢
Δ
⁢
⁢
S
H
)
Pair
⁢
⁢
1
2
+
(
Δ
⁢
⁢
H
2
⁢
Δ
⁢
⁢
S
H
)
Pair
⁢
⁢
2
2
=
R
2
⁢
(
1
+
(
Δ
⁢
⁢
S
R
)
2
)
≈
R
2
,
wherein H is one of the normal components of the electromagnetic field strength measurements, ΔH is a difference between the first and a second set of field strength components, ΔS is a separation between one of the sensors and a tool center, and R is the approximate range.

### Claim 10 (depends on 9)

The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the azimuthal measurements are obtained from substantially stationary measurements at more than one of the at least one sensor installed at different tool azimuth angles.

### Claim 11 (depends on 9)

The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the azimuthal measurements are obtained from a single sensor taking multiple measurements at the different tool azimuthal angles obtained by rotating a tool housing to which the single sensor is attached.

### Claim 12 (depends on 9)

The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the azimuthal measurements are obtained from a pair of sensors making a first set of the electromagnetic field strength azimuthal measurements at a first one of the different tool azimuthal angles, and from the pair of sensors making a second set of the electromagnetic field strength azimuthal measurements at a second one of the different tool azimuthal angles approximately 90 degrees away from the first one of the different tool azimuthal angles.

### Claim 13

An apparatus, comprising:
a sensor attached to a down hole tool, the sensor obtaining electromagnetic field strength measurements at different tool azimuth angles in a first well as the sensor is rotated within the first well; and
a processing system configured to,
receive, from the sensor when the sensor is located at a first azimuthal location, normal components of the electromagnetic field strength measurements as a first set of field strength components;
receive, from the sensor when the sensor has been rotated to a second azimuthal location, normal components of the electromagnetic field strength measurements as a second set of field strength components;
determine a gradient component based only on the normal components received at the first and second azimuthal locations; and
determine an approximate range, based on the normal components and the gradient component, from the sensor disposed within the first well, to a second well that serves as a source of an electromagnetic field, wherein in response to a value of (ΔS/R) being less than one, the approximate range is calculated according to the formula:
1
(
Δ
⁢
⁢
H
2
⁢
Δ
⁢
⁢
S
H
)
Pair
⁢
⁢
1
2
+
(
Δ
⁢
⁢
H
2
⁢
Δ
⁢
⁢
S
H
)
Pair
⁢
⁢
2
2
=
R
2
⁢
(
1
+
(
Δ
⁢
⁢
S
R
)
2
)
≈
R
2
,
wherein H is one of the normal components of the electromagnetic field strength measurements, ΔH is a difference between the first and a second set of field strength components, ΔS is a separation between one of the sensors and a tool center, and R is the approximate range.

### Claim 14 (depends on 13)

The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the first and second azimuthal locations are at approximately a same longitudinal location.

### Claim 15 (depends on 13)

The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the electromagnetic field strength measurements are obtained from a pair of sensors that includes the sensor, the pair of sensors obtaining the electromagnetic field strength measurements by making a first set of the electromagnetic field strength measurements at a first azimuthal angle, and a second set of the electromagnetic field strength measurements at a second azimuthal angle approximately 90 degrees from the first azimuthal angle.