# US 10,767,364 B2 · Refractory enclosures for high density energy storage systems > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 10,767,364 B2 - Document ID: US10767364B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 16/013,129 - Filed: 2018-06-20 - Published: 2019-01-17 - Granted: 2020-09-08 - Earliest claimed: 2017-06-22 - Applicants: Alonso P. Rodriguez - Inventors: Alonso P. Rodriguez - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US10767364B2 ## CPC - E04B 1/941: {Building elements specially adapted therefor} - E04B 1/948: {Fire-proof sealings or joints (for doors or windows E06B5/164)} - A62C 2/06: Physical fire-barriers - A62C 3/06: of highly inflammable material, e.g. light metals, petroleum products - A62C 3/16: in electrical installations, e.g. cableways - E04B 1/945: {Load-supporting structures specially adapted therefor} - E04B 1/946: {Protection against smoke or toxic gases} - E04B 1/947: {by closing openings in walls or the like in the case of fire (fire-proof doors E06B5/16)} - E04B 2/7411: {Details for fire protection} - E04H 9/10: Independent shelters; Arrangement of independent splinter-proof walls - E04H 2001/1283: {Small buildings of the ISO containers type} - E06B 5/162: {Fireproof doors having windows or other openings, e.g. for permitting ventilation or escape} - E04B: GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS (border constructions of opening in walls, floors or ceilings E06B1/00; {electromagnetic shielding H05K9/0001}) - A62C: FIRE-FIGHTING (fire-extinguishing compositions, use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires A62D1/00; spraying, applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces in general B05; alarm arrangements G08B, e.g. fire alarms actuated by smoke or gases G08B17/10) - E04H: BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL (foundations E02D) - E06B: FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES (shades or blinds for greenhouses A01G9/22; curtains A47H; lids for car boots or bonnets B62D25/10; skylights E04B7/18; sunshades, awnings E04F10/00) ## Abstract The present is a containment enclosure made from refractory material. The enclosure contains a plurality of panels and a plurality of columns made from refractory material. The enclosure has an interior portion and an exterior portion, and wherein the enclosure contains the effects of extreme fire as well as contains the effects of explosions. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A utility-sized containment enclosure for containing the effects of extreme fires and explosions produced by a high density energy storage system (HDESS) connected to an electric utility, the enclosure comprising: a. a plurality of panels made from refractory material, wherein the refractory material comprises a binder and a refractory matrix material, and b. a plurality of columns made from refractory material, wherein the refractory material comprises a binder and a refractory matrix material; wherein the utility-sized enclosure comprises an interior portion and an exterior portion, wherein the utility-sized containment enclosure comprises one or more means to release internal pressure from within the utility-sized containment enclosure, wherein the means to release internal pressure is selected from the group comprising pressure relief valves, refractory materials, and mechanical joints, and wherein the utility-sized containment enclosure contains the effects of extreme fires and explosions within the utility-sized containment enclosure for a duration of at least four hours. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The utility-sized containment enclosure of claim 1, wherein the plurality of panels comprises 6 or more panels. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The utility-sized containment enclosure of claim 1, wherein the plurality of refractory columns comprises 4 or more columns. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The utility-sized containment enclosure of claim 1, wherein the bulk energy rating of the HDESS is between 40 megawatt-hours to 35 gigawatt-hours. ### Claim 5 (depends on 4) The utility-sized containment enclosure of claim 4, wherein the HDESS source is selected from the group comprising one or more battery banks, hydrogen fueled arrays, supercapacitor set, charging stations, and liquefied natural gas tanks. ### Claim 6 (depends on 5) The utility-sized containment enclosure of claim 5, wherein the battery bank is a metal battery bank. ### Claim 7 (depends on 6) The utility-sized containment enclosure of claim 6, wherein the metal is selected from the group comprising zinc, lead, and lithium. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The utility-sized containment enclosure of claim 1, wherein the exterior portion of the utility-sized containment enclosure is rectangular. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The utility-sized containment enclosure of claim 1, wherein the exterior portion of the utility-sized containment enclosure is completely closed to the environment. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The utility-sized containment enclosure of claim 1, wherein the exterior portion of the utility-sized containment enclosure is partially open to the environment. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) The utility-sized containment enclosure of claim 1, wherein the interior of the utility-sized containment enclosure further comprises one or more panels made from refractory material. ### Claim 12 (depends on 1) The utility-sized containment enclosure of claim 1, wherein the exterior of the utility-sized containment enclosure further comprises a mechanical structural reinforcement. ### Claim 13 (depends on 12) The utility-sized containment enclosure of claim 12, wherein the mechanical reinforcement comprises a non-refractory mechanical structural reinforcement. ### Claim 14 (depends on 13) The utility-sized containment enclosure of claim 13, wherein the non-refractory mechanical structural reinforcement provides aesthetic features to the enclosure. ### Claim 15 (depends on 13) The utility-sized containment enclosure of claim 13, wherein the non-refractory mechanical structural reinforcement is completely closed to the environment. ### Claim 16 (depends on 13) The utility-sized containment enclosure of claim 13, wherein the non-refractory mechanical structural reinforcement is connected to the refractory material by one or more thermally isolating mechanical connectors. ### Claim 17 (depends on 13) The utility-sized containment enclosure of claim 13, wherein the non-refractory mechanical structural reinforcement is steel. ### Claim 18 (depends on 1) The utility-sized containment enclosure of claim 1, wherein the refractory materials further comprise reinforcement materials. ### Claim 19 (depends on 18) The utility-sized containment enclosure of claim 18, wherein the reinforcement materials are resistant to penetration from ballistics. ### Claim 20 (depends on 18) The utility-sized containment enclosure of claim 18, wherein the reinforcement materials mitigate sound.