# US 10,766,510 B1 · Method and apparatus for detecting defects located in the head area of rail

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- Number: US 10,766,510 B1
- Document ID: US10766510B1
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B1
- Application number: 15/896,598
- Filed: 2018-02-14
- Granted: 2020-09-08
- Earliest claimed: 2017-02-14
- Applicants: Dominick A. Pagano
- Inventors: Dominick A. Pagano
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US10766510B1

## CPC

- B61K 9/10: for detecting cracks in rails or welds thereof
- G01N 29/043: {in the interior, e.g. by shear waves}
- G01N 29/069: {Defect imaging, localisation and sizing using, e.g. time of flight diffraction [TOFD], synthetic aperture focusing technique [SAFT], Amplituden-Laufzeit-Ortskurven [ALOK] technique}
- G01N 29/07: by measuring propagation velocity or propagation time of acoustic waves
- G01N 29/225: {Supports, positioning or alignment in moving situation}
- G01N 29/2493: {Wheel shaped probes}
- G01N 29/262: {by electronic orientation or focusing, e.g. with phased arrays (phased arrays per se G10K11/34)}
- G01N 29/265: by moving the sensor relative to a stationary material
- G01N 2291/044: Internal reflections (echoes), e.g. on walls or defects
- G01N 2291/106: one or more transducer arrays
- G01N 2291/2623: Rails; Railroads
- B61K: AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR RAILWAYS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01N: INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES (measuring or testing apparatus or processes other than immunoassay, involving enzymes or microorganisms C12M, C12Q)

## Abstract

A system for performing ultrasonic inspection of a rail including a sensing wheel arranged to roll along the top of the rail, and a plurality of ultrasonic transducers in the sensing wheel. The sensing wheel is aligned perpendicular to a vertical plane extending from the rail, detecting horizontal defects in a head area of the rail. The ultrasonic rail inspection system is designed to detect and classify horizontal defects in the head of the rail which will propagate in the longitudinal direction that will eventually result in defects component that will propagate in the transverse plane of the rail head area. The capability of detecting and classification of this type of defect will enable compliance to the FRA subpart 213.113 Defective rails specification, that is currently not being met by the existing technology.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A system for performing an ultrasonic inspection of railroad rails in order to detect horizontal fractures in a head area of a rail being inspected, which horizontal fractures propagate in a horizontal and longitudinal plane of said rail, said inspection being performed as said inspection system moves along the railroad rails, the system comprising:
an independent single sensing wheel arranged to roll along the top of the railroad rails being inspected, and
a plurality of ultrasonic transducers in said sensing wheel,
wherein said sensing wheel is continuously aligned perpendicular to a vertical plane extending from the railroad rails in order for the sensing wheel to detect and size a depth and width of a horizontal defect in said head area of said rail.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

A system in accordance with claim 1 wherein said plurality of ultrasonic transducers are a linear array scanning across said head area of said rail.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

A system in accordance with claim 1 wherein said plurality of ultrasonic transducers are a phased array scanning across said head area of said rail.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

A system in accordance with claim 1 wherein said plurality of ultrasonic transducers are a discreet array scanning across said head area of said rail.

### Claim 5

A system for performing an ultrasonic inspection of railroad rails in order to detect horizontal fractures in a head area of a rail being inspected, which horizontal fractures propagate in a horizontal and longitudinal plane of said rail, said inspection being performed as the inspection system moves along the railroad rails, the system comprising,
at least one sensing wheel per rail arranged to roll along the top of each rail,
a plurality of ultrasonic transducers in each sensing wheel, with each sensing wheel being continuously aligned perpendicular to a vertical plane extending from the railroad rails as the inspection system moves along the railroad rails, each railroad rail having a head area with a specific width,
each ultrasonic transducer, in each sensing wheel, directing an ultrasonic beam into said rail, said ultrasonic beam being spatially positioned across said width of said head area of each rail being inspected, and
said plurality of ultrasonic transducers detecting and sizing a depth and a width of a detected horizontal defect across said head area of said rail.

### Claim 6 (depends on 5)

A system in accordance with claim 5 wherein said plurality of transducers detect and size said horizontal defects that exist on a field side of said head area of said rail.

### Claim 7 (depends on 5)

A system in accordance with claim 5 wherein said plurality of transducers detect and size said horizontal defects that exist on a gauge side of said rail.