# US 10,765,679 B2 · Use of TREM-1 inhibitors for treatment, elimination and eradication of HIV-1 infection

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- Number: US 10,765,679 B2
- Document ID: US10765679B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 15/741,665
- Filed: 2016-07-01
- Published: 2018-07-05
- Granted: 2020-09-08
- Earliest claimed: 2015-07-04
- Assignees: Emory University
- Applicants: Emory University; Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Inc.
- Inventors: Raymond F. Schinazi; Christina Gavegnano
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US10765679B2

## CPC

- A61K 31/519: ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic rings
- A61K 38/08: Peptides having 5 to 11 amino acids {(A61K38/043 - A61K38/046 take precedence)}
- A61K 38/10: Peptides having 12 to 20 amino acids {(A61K38/043 - A61K38/046 take precedence)}
- A61K 38/17: from animals; from humans {(enzyme inhibitors A61K38/005)}
- A61K 38/1709: {from mammals}
- A61K 45/06: Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
- A61P 31/14: for RNA viruses
- A61P 31/18: for HIV
- C12N 2740/16034: Use of virus or viral component as vaccine, e.g. live-attenuated or inactivated virus, VLP, viral protein
- Y02A 50/30: Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change
- A61K: PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES (devices or methods specially adapted for bringing pharmaceutical products into particular physical or administering forms A61J3/00; chemical aspects of, or use of materials for deodorisation of air, for disinfection or sterilisation, or for bandages, dressings, absorbent pads or surgical articles A61L; soap compositions C11D)
- A61P: SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- C12N: MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA (microbiological testing media C12Q1/00)
- Y02A: TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE

## Abstract

Compounds, compositions, and methods of treatment and prevention of HIV, including HIV-1 and HIV-2, Dengue, and Chikungunya infection are disclosed. The compounds are TREM-1 inhibitors. Combinations of these TREM-1 inhibitors and additional antiretroviral compounds, such as NRTI, NNRTI, integrase inhibitors, entry inhibitors, protease inhibitors, JAK inhibitors, macrophage depleting agents, and the like, are also disclosed. In one embodiment, the combinations include a combination of adenine, cytosine, thymidine, and guanine nucleoside antiviral agents, optionally in further combination with at least one additional antiviral agent that works via a different mechanism than a nucleoside analog. This combination has the potential to eliminate the presence of HIV, Dengue, or Chikungunya virus in an infected patient.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A method for treating an HIV infection, comprising administering to a patient in need thereof an effective antiviral amount of a TREM-1 inhibitor in combination with HAART.

### Claim 2

A method for treating an HIV infection, comprising administering to a patient in need thereof an effective antiviral amount of a TREM-1 inhibitor, wherein the TREM-1 inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of TLT-1, -CDR2 (SAVDRRAPAGRR, SEQ ID NO 1), TLT-1-CDR3 (CMVDGARGPQILHR, SEQ ID NO 2), LR17 (LQEEDAGEYGCMVDGAR, SEQ ID NO 3), LR6-1 (LQEEDA, SEQ ID NO 4), LR6-2 (EDAGEY, SEQ ID NO 5), LR6-3 (GEYGCM, SEQ ID NO 6), LR12 (LQEEDAGEYGCM, SEQ ID NO 7), prodrugs thereof, conjugated versions thereof, deuterated variations thereof, analogs thereof comprising non-naturally occurring amino-acids, functional variations thereof including a different sequence of amino acids but which retain TREM-1 inhibitory activity, analogs thereof in which each amino acid can be, individually, a D or L isomer, and combinations of L-isoforms with D-isoforms thereof, wherein the peptides can optionally be stabilized by micelles.

### Claim 3

A method for treating an HIV infection, comprising administering to a patient in need thereof an effective antiviral amount of a TREM-1 inhibitor, wherein the TREM-1 inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of MicroRNA 294, the F-c portion of human IgG (AdTREM-IIg), antibodies directed to the TREM-1 and/or sTREM-1 or TREM-1 and/or sTREM-1 ligands, and fragments thereof which also inhibit TREM-1, small molecules inhibiting the function, activity or expression of TREM-1, siRNAs directed to TREM-1, shRNAs directed to TREM-1, antisense oligonucleotides directed to TREM-1, ribozymes directed to TREM-1, aptamers which bind to and inhibit TREM-1, fusion proteins between human IgGI constant region and the extracellular domain of mouse TREM-1 or that of human TREM-1.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the TREM-1 inhibitor is administered in combination or alternation with a JAK inhibitor.

### Claim 5 (depends on 4)

The method of claim 4, wherein the JAK inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of CEP-701 (Lestaurtinib), AZD1480, LY3009104/INCB28050 Pacritinib/SB1518, VX-509, GLPG0634, INC424, R-348, CYT387, TG 10138, AEG 3482, 7-iodo-N-(4-morpholinophenyl)thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-2-amine, 7-(4-aminophenyl)-N-(4-morpholinophenyl)thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-2-amine, N-(4-(2-(4-morpholinophenylamino)thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)phenyl)acryl amide, 7-(3-aminophenyl)-N-(4-morpholinophenyl)thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-2amine, N-(3-(2-(4-morpholinophenylamino)thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)phenyl)acrylamide, N-(4-morpholinophenyl)thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-2-amine, methyl 2-(4-morpholinophenylamino)thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine-7-carboxylate, N-(4-morpholinophenyl)-5H-pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidin-2-amine, 7-(4-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-N-(4-morpholinophenyl)thieno [3,2-d]pyrimidin-2-amine, 4-(2-(4-morpholinophenylamino)thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)benzenesulfonamide, N,N-dimethyl-3-(2-(4-morpholinophenylamino)thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)benzenesulfonamide, 1-ethyl-3-(2-methoxy-4-(2-(4-morpholinophenylamino)thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)phenyl)urea, N-(4-(2-(4-morpholinophenylamino)thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)phenyl)metha-nesulfonamide, 2-methoxy-4-(2-(4-morpholinophenylamino)thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)phenol, 2-cyano-N-(3-(2-(4-morpholinophenylamino)thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-7-yl-)phenyl)acetamide, N-(cyanomethyl)-2-(4-morpholinophenylamino)thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine-7-carboxamide, N-(3-(2-(4-morpholinophenylamino)thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)phenyl)methanesulfonamide, 1-ethyl-3-(4-(2-(4-morpholinophenylamino)thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)urea, N-(3-nitrophenyl)-7-phenylthieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-2-amine, 7-iodo-N-(3-nitrophenyl)thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-2-amine, N1-(7-(2-ethylphenyl)thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-2-yl)benzene-1,3-diamine, N-tert-butyl-3-(2-(4-morpholinophenylamino)thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)benzenesulfonamide, N1-(7-iodothieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-2-yl)benzene-1,3-diamine, 7-(4-amino-3-(tri fluoromethoxy)phenyl)-N-(4-morpholinophenyl)thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-2-amine, 7-(2-ethylphenyl)-N-(4-morpholinophenyl)thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-2-amine, N-(3-(2-(4-morpholinophenylamino)thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)phenyl)acetamide, N-(cyanomethyl)-N-(3-(2-(4-morpholinophenylamino)thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)phenyl)methanesulfonamide, N-(cyanomethyl)-N-(4-(2-(4-morpholinophenylamino)thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)phenyl)methanesulfonamide, N-(3-(5-methyl-2-(4-morpholinophenylamino)-5H-pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidin-7-y-l)phenyl)methanesulfonamide, 4-(5-methyl-2-(4-morpholinophenylamino)-5H-pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)benzenesulfonamide, N-(4-(5-methyl-2-(4-morpholinophenylamino)-5H-pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)phenyl)methanesulfonamide, 7-iodo-N-(4-morpholinophenyl)-5H-pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidin-2-amine, 7-(2-isopropylphenyl)-N-(4-morpholinophenyl)thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-2-amine, 7-bromo-N-(4-morpholinophenyl)thieno [3,2-d]pyrimidin-2-amine, N7-(2-isopropylphenyl)-N2-(4-morpholinophenyl)thieno [3,2-d]pyrimidine-2,7-diamine, N7-(4-isopropylphenyl)-N2-(4-morpholinophenyl)thieno [3,2-d]pyrimidine-2,7-diamine, 7-(5-amino-2-methylphenyl)-N-(4-morpholinophenyl)thieno [3,2-d]pyrimidin-2-amine, N-(cyanomethyl)-4-(2-(4-morpholinophenylamino)thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)benzamide, 7-iodo-N-(3-morpholinophenyl)thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-2-amine, 7-(4-amino-3-nitrophenyl)-N-(4-morpholinophenyl)thieno [3,2-d]pyrimidin-2-amine, 7-(2-methoxypyridin-3-yl)-N-(4-morpholinophenyl)thieno [3,2-d]pyrimidin-2-amine, (3-(7-iodothieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-2-yl amino)phenyl)methanol, N-tert-butyl-3-(2-(3-morpholinophenyl amino)thieno [3,2-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)benzenesulfonamide, N-tert-butyl-3-(2-(3-(hydroxymethyl)phenylamino)thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-benzenesulfonamide, N-(4-morpholinophenyl)-7-(4-nitrophenylthio)-5H-pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidin-2-amine, N-tert-butyl-3-(2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl amino)thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)benzenesulfonamide, 7-(4-amino-3-nitrophenyl)-N-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-2-amine, N-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-7-(2-methoxypyridin-3-yl)thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-2-amine, N-tert-butyl-3-(2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenylamino)thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)benzenesulfonamide, 7-(2-aminopyrimidin-5-yl)-N-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-2-amine, N-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-7-(2,6-dimethoxypyridin-3-yl)thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-2-amine, N-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-7-(2,4-dimethoxypyrimidin-5-yl)thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-2-amine, 7-iodo-N-(4-(morpholinomethyl)phenyl)thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-2-amine, N-tert-butyl-3-(2-(4-(morpholinomethyl)phenyl amino)thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)benzenesulfonamide, 2-cyano-N-(4-methyl-3-(2-(4-morpholinophenylamino)thieno [3,2-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)phenyl)acetamide, ethyl 3-(2-(4-morpholinophenylamino)thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)benzoate, 7-bromo-N-(4-(2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)ethoxy)phenyl)thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-2-amine, N-(3-(2-(4-(2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)ethoxy)phenylamino)thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)phenyl)acetamide, N-(cyanomethyl)-3-(2-(4-morpholinophenylamino)thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-7-yl-)benzamide, N-tert-butyl-3-(2-(4-morpholinophenylamino)thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)benzamide, N-tert-butyl-3-(2-(4-(1-ethylpiperidin-4-yloxy)phenylamino)thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)benzenesulfonamide, tert-butyl-4-(2-(4-(morpholinomethyl)phenyl amino)thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-1H-pyrazole-1-carboxylate, 7-bromo-N-(4-((4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl)phenyl)thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-2-amine, N-tert-butyl-3-(2-(4-((4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl)phenylamino)thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)benzenesulfonamide, N-(4-((4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl)phenyl)-7-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-2-amine, N-(cyanomethyl)-3-(2-(4-(morpholinomethyl)phenylamino)thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)benzamide, N-tert-butyl-3-(2-(4-(2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)ethoxy)phenylamino)thieno[3,2-d]-pyrimidin-7-yl)benzenesulfonamide, tert-butyl pyrrolidin-1-yl)ethoxy)phenylamino)thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)benzylcarbamate, 3-(2-(4-(2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)ethoxy)phenylamino)thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)benzenesulfonamide, 7-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-N-(4-(2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)ethoxy)phenyl)thieno-[3,2-d]pyrimidin-2-amine, tert-butyl 4-(2-(4-(1-ethylpiperidin-4-yloxy)phenylamino)thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-7-yl-)-1H-pyrazole-1-carboxylate, 7-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-N-(4-(morpholinomethyl)phenyl)thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-2-amine, tert-butyl 5-(2-(4-(morpholinomethyl)phenylamino)thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-1H-ind-ole-1-carboxylate, 7-(2-aminopyrimidin-5-yl)-N-(4-(morpholinomethyl)phenyl)thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-2-amine, tert-butyl 4-(2-(4-(morpholinomethyl)phenylamino)thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-5,6-di-hydropyridine-1 (2H)-carboxylate, tert-butyl morpholinomethyl)phenylamino)thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)benzylcarbamate, N-(3-(2-(4-(morpholinomethyl)phenylamino)thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-phenyl)acetamide, N-(4-(2-(4-(morpholinomethyl)phenylamino)thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)phenyl)acetamide, N-(3-(2-(4-(morpholinomethyl)phenylamino)thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)phenyl)methanesulfonamide, 7-(4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl)-N-(4-(morpholinomethyl)phenyl)thieno-[3,2-d]pyrimidin-2-amine, N-(2-methoxy-4-(2-(4-(morpholinomethyl)phenylamino)thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)phenyl)acetamide, 7-bromo-N-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-2-amine, (3-(2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenylamino)thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)phenyl)methanol, (4-(2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenylamino)thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)phenyl)methanol, (3-(2-(4-morpholinophenylamino)thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)phenyl)methanol, (4-(2-(4-morpholinophenylamino)thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)phenyl)methanol, N-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)ethoxy)phenylamino)thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)benzyl)methanesulfonamide, tert-butyl morpholinomethyl)phenylamino)thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)benzylcarbamate, N-(4-(morpholinomethyl)phenyl)-7-(3-(piperazin-1-yl)phenyl)thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-2-amine, 7-(6-(2-morpholinoethylamino)pyridin-3-yl)-N-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)thie-no[3,2-d]pyrimidin-2-amine, 7-(2-ethylphenyl)-N-(4-(2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)ethoxy)phenyl)thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-2-amine, 7-(4-(aminomethyl)phenyl)-N-(4-(morpholinomethyl)phenyl)thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-2-amine, N-(4-(1-ethylpiperidin-4-yloxy)phenyl)-7-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-2-amine, N-(2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-7-phenylthieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-2-amine, 7-bromo-N-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-2-amine, N-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-7-phenylthieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-2-amine,
and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and prodrugs thereof.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, further comprising the co-administration of
a) at least one each of an adenine, cytosine, thymidine, and guanine nucleoside antiviral agent, or
b) at least one additional antiviral agent selected from the group consisting of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI), protease inhibitors, fusion inhibitors, entry inhibitors, attachment inhibitors, and integrase inhibitors.

### Claim 7 (depends on 5)

The method of claim 5, wherein the nucleoside antiretroviral agents comprise two or more of:
a) (−)-FTC or 3TC,
b) TDF or TAF,
c) ABC or EFdA, and
d) a NNRTI, a protease inhibitor (PI), or an integrase inhibitor (IN),
e) a fusion inhibitor with two nucleosides or and PI or IN.

### Claim 8 (depends on 7)

The method of claim 7, wherein the NNRTI is Sustiva, the protease inhibitor is Kaletra, or the integrase inhibitor is Raltegravir or Elvitegravir.

### Claim 9 (depends on 4)

The method of claim 4, wherein the TREM-1 inhibitor, and the at least one each of an adenine, cytosine, thymidine, and guanine nucleoside antiviral agent, or at least one additional antiviral agent selected from the group consisting of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI), protease inhibitors, fusion inhibitors, entry inhibitors, attachment inhibitors, and integrase inhibitors, are administered in combination.

### Claim 10 (depends on 4)

The method of claim 4, wherein the TREM-1 inhibitor, and the at least one each of an adenine, cytosine, thymidine, and guanine nucleoside antiviral agent, or at least one additional antiviral agent selected from the group consisting of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI), protease inhibitors, fusion inhibitors, entry inhibitors, attachment inhibitors, and integrase inhibitors, are administered in alternation.

### Claim 11 (depends on 3)

The method of claim 3, wherein the JAK inhibitor is
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof.

### Claim 12 (depends on 3)

The method of claim 3, wherein the JAK Inhibitor is
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof.

### Claim 13 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, further comprising the co-administration of a macrophage depleting agent.

### Claim 14 (depends on 1)

A method of treating or eradicating an HIV infection, comprising:
a) reducing viral loads in a patient by administering a combination of HAART and a TREM-1 inhibitor as claimed in claim 1,
b) systemically depleting macrophages with a macrophage depleting agent while maintaining HAART and TREM-1 inhibitor therapy until a sufficient amount of macrophages are depleted, as determined, for example, by flow cytometry that a low level or no macrophages are present in the circulating periphery upon blood draw,
c) withdrawing treatment with the macrophage depleting agent, while maintaining treatment with HAART and the TREM-1 inhibitor, where withdrawal of HAART and/or JAK inhibitor is executed upon sustained low level or absent viremia, and
d) either withdrawing HAART while TREM-1 inhibitor therapy is maintained, or withdrawing both HAART and TREM-1 inhibitor therapy, optionally while monitoring viral rebound.

### Claim 15 (depends on 14)

The method of claim 14, wherein the macrophage depleting agent is Boniva or Fosamax.

### Claim 16 (depends on 15)

The method of claim 15, further comprising the administration of a JAK inhibitor selected from the group consisting of
pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof.

### Claim 17 (depends on 1)

A method of treating or eradicating an HIV infection, comprising:
a) reducing viral loads in a patient by administering a combination of HAART and a TREM-1 inhibitor as claimed in claim 1,
b) administering a reactivation agent, while maintaining one or both of HAART and TREM-1 inhibitor therapy,
c) withdrawing treatment with the reactivation agent, upon assessment of increased viral loads in the periphery that may be coupled with but not limited to assessment of diminished or absent memory lymphocytes with flow cytometry, while continuing treatment with HAART and one or more TREM-1 inhibitors, until low level or absent viremia is maintained,
d) withdrawing HAART, while TREM-1 inhibitor therapy is maintained, or withdrawing both HAART and TREM-1 inhibitor therapy, optionally while monitoring viral rebound.

### Claim 18 (depends on 17)

The method of claim 17, wherein the reactivation agent is panobinostat.

### Claim 19 (depends on 17)

The method of claim 17, wherein the treatment regimen further comprises the administration of a JAK inhibitor selected from the group consisting of
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof.

### Claim 20

A method of treating or eradicating an HIV infection, comprising: a) reducing viral loads in a patient by administering a TREM-1 inhibitor and b) administering an anti-HIV vaccine and/or an immunostimulatory agent before, during, or after the TREM-1 inhibitor is administered.

### Claim 21 (depends on 20)

The method of claim 20, further comprising administration of HAART along with the TREM-1 inhibitor.

### Claim 22 (depends on 21)

The method of claim 21, wherein the HAART comprises the co-administration of:
a) at least one each of an adenine, cytosine, thymidine, and guanine nucleoside antiviral agent, or
b) at least one additional antiviral agent selected from the group consisting of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI), protease inhibitors, fusion inhibitors, entry inhibitors, attachment inhibitors, and integrase inhibitors.

### Claim 23 (depends on 22)

The method of claim 22, wherein the nucleoside antiretroviral agents comprise two or more of:
a) (−)-FTC or 3TC,
b) TDF or TAF,
c) ABC or EFdA, and
d) a NNRTI, a protease inhibitor, or an integrase inhibitor.

### Claim 24 (depends on 23)

The method of claim 23, wherein the NNRTI is Sustiva, the protease inhibitor is Kaletra, or the integrase inhibitor is Raltegravir or Elvitegravir.

### Claim 25 (depends on 22)

The method of claim 22, wherein the TREM-1 inhibitor, HAART, and vaccine or immunostimulatory compound are administered in combination.

### Claim 26 (depends on 21)

The method of claim 21, wherein the TREM-1 inhibitor, HAART, and vaccine or immunostimulatory compound are administered in alternation.

### Claim 27

A method for treating infection by a Dengue virus, comprising administering a TREM-1 inhibitor to a patient in need of treatment or prevention thereof.

### Claim 28

A method for treating infection by a Chikungunya virus, comprising administering a TREM-1 inhibitor to a patient in need of treatment or prevention thereof.

### Claim 29

A composition for treating HIV, comprising a TREM-1 inhibitor and a second anti-HIV agent, along with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient.

### Claim 30 (depends on 29)

The composition of claim 29, wherein the second antiviral agent is selected from the group consisting of JAK inhibitors, macrophage depleting agents, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI), protease inhibitors, fusion inhibitors, entry inhibitors, attachment inhibitors, integrase inhibitors, anti-HIV vaccines, immunostimulatory agents, fusion inhibitors, macrophage depletion agents, and reactivation agents.

### Claim 31 (depends on 30)

The composition of claim 30, wherein the NNRTI is Sustiva, the protease inhibitor is Kaletra, the JAK inhibitor is Jakafi or Tofacitinib, or the integrase inhibitor is Raltegravir or Elvitegravir.

### Claim 32 (depends on 29)

The composition of claim 29, wherein the TREM-1 inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of TLT-1-CDR2 (SAVDRRAPAGRR, SEQ ID NO 1), TLT-1-CDR3 (CMVDGARGPQILHR, SEQ ID NO 2), LR17 (LQEEDAGEYGCMVDGAR, SEQ ID NO 3), LR6-1 (LQEEDA, SEQ ID NO 4), LR6-2 (EDAGEY, SEQ ID NO 5), LR6-3 (GEYGCM, SEQ ID NO 6), LR12 (LQEEDAGEYGCM, SEQ ID NO 7), prodrugs thereof, conjugated versions thereof, deuterated variations thereof, analogs thereof comprising non-naturally occurring amino-acids, functional variations thereof including a different sequence of amino acids but which retain TREM-1 inhibitory activity, analogs thereof in which each amino acid can be, individually, a D or L isomer, and combinations of L-isoforms with D-isoforms thereof, wherein the peptides can optionally be stabilized by micelles.

### Claim 33 (depends on 29)

The composition of claim 29, wherein the TREM-1 inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of NF-kappaB inhibitors, MicroRNA 294, human cathelicidin LL-37, the F-c portion of human IgG (AdTREM-1Ig), antibodies directed to the TREM-1 and/or sTREM-1 or TREM-1 and/or sTREM-1 ligands, and fragments thereof which also inhibit TREM-1, small molecules inhibiting the function, activity or expression of TREM-1, siRNAs directed to TREM-1, shRNAs directed to TREM-1, antisense oligonucleotides directed to TREM-1, ribozymes directed to TREM-1, aptamers which bind to and inhibit TREM-1, fusion proteins between human IgG1 constant region and the extracellular domain of mouse TREM-1 or that of human TREM-1.