# US 10,763,971 B2 · Comb assisted spread-spectrum receiver and reception methods > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 10,763,971 B2 - Document ID: US10763971B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 16/079,005 - Filed: 2017-02-24 - Published: 2019-02-14 - Granted: 2020-09-01 - Earliest claimed: 2016-02-26 - Assignees: The Regents of the University of California - Applicants: The Regents of the University of California - Inventors: Daniel Esman; Vahid Ataie; Ping P. Kuo; Nikola Alic; Stojan Radic - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US10763971B2 ## CPC - H04B 10/616: {Details of the electronic signal processing in coherent optical receivers} - G01J 3/28: Investigating the spectrum (using colour filters G01J3/51) - H04B 1/69: Spread spectrum techniques - H04B 10/532: Polarisation modulation - H04B 10/90: Non-optical transmission systems, e.g. transmission systems employing non-photonic corpuscular radiation - H04B 2210/006: Devices for generating or processing an RF signal by optical means - H04B: TRANSMISSION - G01J: MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY (light sources F21, H01J, H01K, H05B; investigating properties of materials by optical means G01N) ## Abstract A spread spectrum receiver and receiving methods are provided. Received data is physically reconstructed in the optical domain using a pair of coherently coupled frequency combs, one modulated by the received signal and one modulated by the code word, and then detecting the received data with a subrate detector comprised of detector array. Particular methods and receivers extract a timing difference between the received spread spectrum signal and the codeword from the phase shifts of Fourier terms of the product of the received spread spectrum signal and the codeword that can be measured from the combined combs. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A spread spectrum receiver comprising: an optical emitter that generates a signal frequency comb having comb modes in a first one of two optical paths and generates a local oscillator comb having comb modes and that is mutually coherent to the optical signal frequency comb in a second one of the two optical paths; an electro-optical modulator that replicates a received spread spectrum signal to comb modes of the signal frequency comb, a wave shaper that imprints a codeword onto comb modes of the local oscillator comb, a combiner that combines optical signals from the two paths after said modulator and said wave shaper; and a detector that converts an optical signal from the combiner into an electrical signal that represents the received spread spectrum signal. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The receiver according to claim 1, wherein the optical emitter comprises a master laser. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The receiver according to claim 1, comprising two injection locked optical emitters sharing a common seed in each of the first and second optical paths. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The receiver according to claim 1, wherein the signal frequency comb comprises an optical frequency comb generated by one of a mode-locked laser, optical modulator, nonlinear resonant element or via nonlinear mixing in optical waveguide or a crystal. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The receiver according to claim 1, wherein the local oscillator comb comprises an optical frequency comb generated by one of a mode-locked laser, optical modulator, nonlinear resonant element or via nonlinear mixing in optical waveguide or a crystal. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The receiver according to claim 1, wherein the optical modulator comprises on of an optical phase modulator, an optical amplitude modulator, or an optical polarization modulator. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The receiver according to claim 1, wherein the decoder comprises a single subrate detector. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The receiver according to claim 1, wherein the detector comprises an array of subrate detectors. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The receiver according to claim 8, wherein the array of subrate detectors synchronizes the received spread spectrum signal and the code word. ### Claim 10 (depends on 8) The receiver according to claim 8, wherein the wave shaper modulates each comb mode of the optical local oscillator comb with Fourier terms of the codeword to provide a modulated local oscillator comb, the combiner combines comb modes of the modulated local oscillator comb and comb modes of the signal frequency comb to which the received spread spectrum signal were replicated, wherein the detector comprises an array of subrate detectors that detect Fourier terms of the received spread spectrum signal from the combined modulated signal frequency and local oscillator combs, measures phase shifts of the Fourier terms of the product of the received spread spectrum signal and the codeword, and extracts the timing difference between the receiver and the received spread spectrum signal from phase shifts of the Fourier terms of the product of the received spread spectrum signal and the codeword. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) The receiver according to claim 1, wherein the received signal has a native signal bandwidth of δf that was spectrally spread to Δf=N×δf and the received signal modulates N modes of the signal frequency comb to spectrally replicate a received field of the received signal and the local oscillator comb is subsequently combined with signal replicas by the combiner and detected by the detector, wherein the detector comprises a set of subrate detectors that perform codeword synchronization and decoding of the content of the received signal. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) The receiver according to claim 11, wherein a count of subrate elements in the set of subrate detectors is equal or smaller to a number of modes in the signal frequency and local oscillator combs. ### Claim 13 (depends on 11) The receiver according to claim 11, wherein a difference in frequency pitch between the signal frequency comb and the local oscillator comb is such that each local oscillator mode overlaps with a different segment of the received spectrum of the received signal to define a series of comb pairs. ### Claim 14 (depends on 11) The receiver according to claim 11, wherein the detector comprises a subrate detector array that matches a native signal bandwidth (δf) of the received spread spectrum signal, such that the resulting array output is a discrete Fourier decomposition of a received field of the received spread spectrum signal. ### Claim 15 A method for measuring timing difference between a receiver and a spread spectrum signal, the method comprising generating an optical signal frequency comb, modulating the optical signal frequency comb with a received spread spectrum signal, generating an optical local oscillator comb that is mutually coherent to the optical signal frequency comb, modulating each mode of the optical local oscillator comb with the Fourier terms of a codeword, combining the modulated combs and detecting the Fourier terms of the received spread spectrum signal from the combined combs using an array of detectors, measuring the phase shifts of the Fourier terms of the received spread spectrum signal, extracting the timing difference between the receiver and the received spread spectrum signal from the phase shifts of the Fourier terms of the received spread spectrum signal. ### Claim 16 (depends on 15) The method according to claim 15, wherein the timing difference between the receiver and the received spread spectrum signal is extracted by interpolating the phase shift of the Fourier terms of the received spread spectrum signal. ### Claim 17 (depends on 15) The method according to claim 15, wherein the timing difference between the receiver and the received spread spectrum signal is measured from a subset of Fourier terms of the received spread spectrum signal selected by a channel selection function. ### Claim 18 (depends on 17) The method according to claim 17, wherein the channel selection function is chosen by the ratio between the peak amplitude and the side-lobe amplitude of the time-domain equivalent of the channel selection function.