# US 10,763,704 B2 · Microwave wireless charger with focusing of microwave field

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- Number: US 10,763,704 B2
- Document ID: US10763704B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 15/833,957
- Filed: 2017-12-06
- Published: 2018-06-14
- Granted: 2020-09-01
- Earliest claimed: 2016-12-14
- Assignees: Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
- Applicants: Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
- Inventors: Artem Rudolfovitch Vilenskiy; Mikhail Nikolaevich Makurin; Sung-Bum Park
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US10763704B2

## CPC

- H02J 50/23: characterised by the type of transmitting antennas, e.g. directional array antennas or Yagi antennas
- H01Q 1/50: Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
- H01Q 3/2605: {Array of radiating elements provided with a feedback control over the element weights, e.g. adaptive arrays}
- H01Q 3/28: varying the amplitude
- H01Q 3/30: varying the {relative} phase {between the radiating elements of an array (H01Q3/2605, H01Q3/2658, H01Q3/2682, H01Q3/44 take precedence)}
- H01Q 9/04: Resonant antennas
- H01Q 9/0428: {radiating a circular polarised wave}
- H01Q 9/0457: {electromagnetically coupled to the feed line}
- H01Q 13/106: {Microstrip slot antennas (patch antenna elements H01Q9/0407)}
- H02J 50/90: involving detection or optimisation of position, e.g. alignment
- H02J 7/44: between battery management systems and power sources
- H02J 50/40: using two or more transmitting or receiving devices (H02J50/50 takes precedence)
- H05K 1/144: {Stacked arrangements of planar printed circuit boards}
- H05K 2201/042: Stacked spaced PCBs; Planar parts of folded flexible circuits having mounted components in between or spaced from each other
- H05K 2201/043: Stacked PCBs with their backs attached to each other without electrical connection
- H02J: ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H01Q: ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS (radiators or antennas for microwave heating H05B6/72)
- H05K: PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS

## Abstract

Disclosed is an apparatus and method for wirelessly transmitting power to power receivers from a power transmitter. The present disclosure provides a rational search procedure for locations of the power receivers, and provides a function of simultaneously charging multiple receivers using microwave multi-focusing. The wireless power transmission method performed by a power transmitter includes determining angular coordinates of the power transmitter in relation to a position of at least one power receiver; determining a distance between the at least one power receiver and the power transmitter based on the determined angular coordinates by using a focused microwave field; determining a location of the at least one power receiver based on the determined angular coordinates and the distance; and wirelessly transmitting power by focusing the microwave field to the determined location of the at least one power receiver.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A method of performing wireless power transmission by a power transmitter, the method comprising:
determining angular coordinates of the power transmitter in relation to a position of at least one power receiver;
determining a distance between the at least one power receiver and the power transmitter based on the determined angular coordinates by using a focused microwave field;
determining the position of the at least one power receiver based on the determined angular coordinates and the determined distance; and
transmitting power by focusing a microwave field to the determined position of the at least one power receiver,
wherein, if a number of at least one power receiver is at least two, transmitting the power comprises simultaneously charging the at least two power receivers by multi-focusing the microwave field to positions of the at least two power receivers.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein determining the angular coordinates comprises, if the distance between the power transmitter and the at least one power receiver is equal to or smaller than a transmitting array aperture of the power transmitter, determining the angular coordinates is performed by using a focal beam of the microwave field.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein determining the angular coordinates is performed by iterative angular search.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein determining the distance between the at least one power receiver and the power transmitter is performed by iterative distance search.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, further comprising: receiving a client number, a logical request for charging, and information about a voltage measured by a rectifier from the at least one power receiver through a feedback channel.

### Claim 6 (depends on 5)

The method of claim 5, further comprising: receiving at least one of information about a battery level of the at least one power receiver, information about preferred input power, or information about a relative displacement for fast beam-focus adjustment from the at least one power receiver through the feedback channel.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein transmitting the power comprises determining excitation amplitude (Mk) and phase (φk) of a k-th transmitting antenna array element as follows:
Mk=mag(Ak),φk=phase(Ak),
where operators «mag» and «phase» are used to obtain amplitude and phase, respectively, of a complex excitation coefficient Ak computed as:
Ak=Σj=1NRXCj exp(iΨkj),
where NRX is a number of power receivers to be charged, Cj is a weighting coefficient, i is an imaginary unit, and ψkj is phase delay of electromagnetic waves propagation between the k-th transmitting antenna array element and a j-th power receiver computed as follows:
ψ
kj
=
2
⁢
π
λ
⁢
R
kj
,
where λ is a wavelength of a charging field, and Rkj is a distance between the k-th transmitting antenna array element and the j-th power receiver.

### Claim 8

A power transmitter for performing power transmission, the power transmitter comprising:
at least one power transmitter antenna array configured to generate a microwave field; and
a controller configured to determine angular coordinates of the power transmitter in relation to a position of at least one power receiver, determining a distance between the at least one power receiver and the power transmitter based on the determined angular coordinates by using a focused microwave field, determining the position of the at least one power receiver based on the determined angular coordinates and the determined distance, and wirelessly transmitting power by focusing a microwave field to the determined position of the at least one power receiver,
wherein, if a number of at least one power receiver is at least two, the controller is configured to simultaneously charge the at least two power receivers by multi-focusing the microwave field to positions of the at least two power receivers.

### Claim 9 (depends on 8)

The power transmitter of claim 8, wherein the controller is further configured to determine the angular coordinates using a focal beam of the microwave field if the distance between the power transmitter and the at least one power receiver is equal to or smaller than a transmitting array aperture of the power transmitter.

### Claim 10 (depends on 8)

The power transmitter of claim 8, wherein the angular coordinates are determined by repetitive angular search performed by the power transmitter.

### Claim 11 (depends on 8)

The power transmitter of claim 8, wherein the distance between the at least one power receiver and the power transmitter is determined by repetitive distance search performed by the power transmitter.

### Claim 12 (depends on 8)

The power transmitter of claim 8, further comprising: a receiver configured to receive a client number, a logical request for charging, and information about a voltage measured by a rectifier from the receiver through a feedback channel.

### Claim 13 (depends on 12)

The power transmitter of claim 12, wherein the receiver is further configured to receive at least one of information about a battery level of the receiver, information about preferred input power, or information about a relative displacement for fast beam-focus adjustment from the at least one power receiver through the feedback channel.

### Claim 14 (depends on 8)

The power transmitter of claim 8, wherein the controller is further configured to determine excitation amplitude (Mk) and phase (φk) of a k-th transmitting antenna array element as:
Mk=mag(Ak),φk=phase(Ak),
where operators «mag» and «phase» are used to obtain amplitude and phase, respectively, of a complex excitation coefficient Ak computed as:
Ak=Σj=1NRXCj exp(iΨkj),
where NRX is a number of power receivers to be charged, Cj is a weighting coefficient, i is an imaginary unit, and ψkj is phase delay of electromagnetic waves propagation between the k-th transmitting antenna array element and a j-th power receiver computed as follows:
ψ
kj
=
2
⁢
π
λ
⁢
R
kj
,
where λ is a wavelength of a charging field, and Rkj is a distance between the k-th transmitting antenna array element and the j-th power receiver.

### Claim 15

A transmitter antenna array for generating a microwave field, the transmitter antenna array comprising:
a first printed circuit board (PCB) and a second PCB, which are stacked without electric connection,
wherein the first PCB carries microwave input, power dividing circuitry, phase shifters, microstrip or coplanar array element excitation circuitry on a first side, and couples with a slot aperture on a second side,
wherein the second PCB carries a circularly polarized patch excited by the slot aperture coupled to microstrip or coplanar excitation circuitry, and
wherein the first PCB comprises a double-sided, low-loss, high frequency PCB, and the second PCB comprises a single-sided PCB.

### Claim 16 (depends on 15)

The transmitter antenna array of claim 15, wherein the phase shifters are integrated into a footprint of the first PCB.

### Claim 17 (depends on 15)

The transmitter antenna array of claim 15, wherein the first PCB further comprises power amplifiers and attenuators.

### Claim 18 (depends on 17)

The transmitter antenna array of claim 17, wherein the phase shifters, the power amplifiers and the attenuators are integrated into a footprint of the first PCB.

### Claim 19 (depends on 15)

The transmitter antenna array of claim 15, wherein phase shifters, power amplifiers and attenuators are implemented as separate monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) components.

### Claim 20 (depends on 15)

The transmitter antenna array of claim 15, wherein the first and second PCBs are connected using a dielectric layer or an air gap with spacers.