Devices with organic semiconductor layers electrically-doped over a controlled depth

A semiconductor device comprising:

• a substrate;
• an organic semiconductor film on the substrate, the organic semiconductor film comprising an electrically conductive doped region having a first electrical conductivity and an un-doped region having a second electrical conductivity;
• and
• an electrode in contact with at least a portion of the organic semiconductor film;
• wherein the organic semiconductor film comprises one or more of a conjugated polymer, a conjugated molecule, a conjugated supramolecular structure, and a combination thereof;
• wherein the electrically conductive doped region of the organic semiconductor film comprises electrical dopant molecules selected from the group consisting of molybdenum (Mo), an oxidizing agent, a polyoxometalate, and combinations thereof;
• wherein the electrical dopant molecules are diffused to a depth with respect to a first surface of the organic semiconductor film;
• and
• wherein the first electrical conductivity of the electrically conductive doped region of the organic semiconductor film is more than six orders of magnitude greater than the second electrical conductivity of the un-doped region of the organic semiconductor film.