Method for manufacturing a charge dissipative surface layer

A method for manufacturing a charge dissipative surface layer on a member, the member comprising:

• a dielectric polymer-based material or composite which is configured for use in space or other extreme environments;
• and
• two opposing surfaces, each of the two opposing surfaces having a flat or a three-dimensional shape, wherein at least one of the two opposing surfaces has a rough surface having embedded inorganic particles or fiber fillers, the method comprising:
• carbonizing at least the rough surface of the member in a vacuum environment through ion bombardment with simultaneous surface renewal, by bombardment of the rough surface with an ion beam formed in a gaseous linear ion beam source of noble gas and constantly added predetermined amount of a carbonaceous gas in an ion beam gas admixture to achieve a treated carbonized surface layer with a uniform surface resistivity in a charge dissipative range,
• wherein the ion beam has an energy of 2.5 to 3 keV.