Design, synthesis and use of synthetic nucleotides comprising charge mass tags

A reporter composition, comprising:

• a nucleotide or its derivative;
• a high charge mass moiety comprising an aromatic or aliphatic skeleton, comprising one or more charged groups selected from the group consisting of a tertiary amino group, a carboxyl group, a hydroxyl group, a phosphate group, a phenolic hydroxy group, and any combinations thereof, wherein the one or more charged groups comprise a charge mass that is sufficient to generate a detectable change in a property of a sensitive detection nanostructure or nano-/micro-sensor operably coupled to the reporter composition;
• and
• a linker molecule attached to the nucleotide or its derivative and the high charge mass moiety, wherein the linker molecule comprises a linear or branched chain comprising one or more selected from the group consisting of an alkyl group, an oxy alkyl group, an alcohol group, a carboxyl group, an amine group, an amide group, an aromatic group, and a naphthalene group, and any combinations thereof,
• wherein the linker is configured such that the linker and the high charge moiety to which the linker is attached extend out from a DNA polymerase complex such that the linker and the high charge moiety do not interfere with polymerization and/or hydrogen bonding between the bases of nucleotides, and wherein the high charge mass moiety is configured to be cleaved after detection,
• wherein the high charge mass moiety comprises one or more selected from the group consisting of the following compounds 1-5, and any combinations thereof: