Lithium ion-based internal hybrid electrochemical energy storage cell

An internal hybrid electrochemical cell comprising:

• (A) a cathode comprising a cathode active material that contains a conducting carbon material and a porphyrin compound, wherein said porphyrin compound is bonded to or supported by said carbon material to form a redox pair for pseudocapacitance and said carbon material is selected from activated carbon, activated carbon black, expanded graphite flakes, exfoliated graphite worms, carbon nanotube, carbon nanofiber, carbon fiber, a combination thereof, or a combination thereof with graphene, wherein said porphyrin compound is bonded to graphene sheet surfaces of said carbon material in a face-to-face manner;
• (B) a anode comprising a prelithiated anode active material selected from the group consisting of (a) lithiated silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), tin (Sn), lead (Pb), antimony (Sb), bismuth (Bi), zinc (Zn), aluminum (Al), titanium (Ti), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn), cadmium (Cd), and mixtures thereof;
• (b) lithiated alloys or intermetallic compounds of Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, Sb, Bi, Zn, Al, Ti, Co, Ni, Mn, Cd, and their mixtures;
• (c) lithiated oxides, carbides, nitrides, sulfides, phosphides, selenides, tellurides, or antimonides of Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, Sb, Bi, Zn, Al, Fe, Ti, Co, Ni, Mn, Cd, and mixtures or composites thereof;
• (d) lithiated graphite and lithiated carbon materials;
• and (e) combinations thereof, and
• (C) a lithium-containing electrolyte in physical contact with the anode and the cathode;
• wherein said cathode active material has a specific surface area no less than 100 m2/g which is in direct physical contact with said electrolyte.