Pulse generation device using a radioisotope and authentication system

A system, comprising at least two terminals, pieces of equipment, or the like between which information including digital data is transmitted and received by wireless communication or wired communication,

• wherein one or both of the at least two terminals include a pulse generation device and a memory that generates identification numerical values for authentication of the at least two terminals, pieces of equipment, or the like and/or for verification of the information,
• wherein the pulse generation device includes:
• an emitter, which includes a radioisotope containing a number of atoms greater than a total number of identification targets;
• and
• a detector, which is configured to detect an α particle, a β ray, and/or a γ ray thereinafter referred to as “α particle and others”) emitted from the emitter due to spontaneous decay of an atomic nucleus to generate electric pulses,
• wherein the memory is configured to store a number of electric pulses obtained by measuring, in advance, for a given period of time, the electric pulses that are generated in the pulse generation device (hereinafter referred to as “initial pulse count”), a date of the measurement, and an identification numerical value obtained by digitizing a pulse interval between the electric pulses (hereinafter referred to as “initial identification numerical value”), and
• wherein a plurality of identification numerical values that are obtained through A/D conversion of wave height values of the electric pulses generated by the pulse generation device, and a plurality of identification numerical values that are obtained by digitizing the pulse interval between the electric pulses, are combined to form a matrix of identification numerical values, whereby each of the identification numerical values in the matrix is a combination of one of the former type of identification numerical values and one of the latter type of identification numerical values joined to each other, or added to each other, or multiplied by each other, or calculated by XOR operation after conversion into a binary number.

A system, comprising at least two terminals between which information is transmitted and received by wireless communication or wired communication,

• wherein a first terminal of the at least two terminals includes a pulse generation device and a memory, and an initial identification numerical value of the first terminal is registered in advance in a second terminal of the at least two terminals,
• wherein, in initial access, the first terminal sends the initial identification numerical value and a new identification numerical value (N1) generated in the first terminal to the second terminal,
• wherein the second terminal checks the sent initial identification numerical value against the registered initial identification numerical value, authenticates the first terminal as genuine when the two initial identification numerical values are confirmed to be a match, and registers the sent new identification numerical value (N1) as a current identification numerical value,
• wherein, in next and subsequent access, the first terminal sends, to the second terminal, the identification numerical value (N1) generated in the last access (the current identification numerical value) on the first terminal, and an identification numerical value (N2) (a new identification numerical value) newly generated separately from the identification numerical value (N1),
• wherein the second terminal checks the sent identification numerical value (N1) (the current identification numerical value) against the registered current identification numerical value, authenticates the first terminal as genuine when the two identification numerical values are confirmed to be a match, and updates the registered current identification numerical value with the sent identification numerical value (N2) (the new identification numerical value)
• wherein the pulse generation device includes:
• an emitter, which includes a radioisotope containing a number of atoms greater than a total number of identification targets;
• and
• a detector, which is configured to detect an α particle, a β ray, and/or a γ ray thereinafter referred to as “α particle and others”) emitted from the emitter due to spontaneous decay of an atomic nucleus to generate electric pulses,
• wherein the memory is configured to store a number of electric pulses obtained by measuring, in advance, for a given period of time, the electric pulses that are generated in the pulse generation device (hereinafter referred to as “initial pulse count”), a date of the measurement, and an identification numerical value obtained by digitizing a pulse interval between the electric pulses (hereinafter referred to as “initial identification numerical value”), and
• wherein a plurality of identification numerical values that are obtained through A/D conversion of wave height values of the electric pulses generated by the pulse generation device, and a plurality of identification numerical values that are obtained by digitizing the pulse interval between the electric pulses, are combined to form a matrix of identification numerical values, whereby each of the identification numerical values in the matrix is a combination of one of the former type of identification numerical values and one of the latter type of identification numerical values joined to each other, or added to each other, or multiplied by each other, or calculated by XOR operation after conversion into a binary number.

A system, comprising at least two terminals between which information is transmitted and received by wireless communication or wired communication,

• wherein each of the at least two terminals includes a pulse generation device and a memory, and a common key (K1) is held in both of the at least two terminals in advance,
• wherein, in an initial session, a transmission-side terminal of the at least two terminals encrypts an identification code (P1) of the transmission-side terminal and the common key (K1) held in the transmission-side terminal with an identification numerical value (CA1) generated on the transmission-side terminal, and sends the encrypted identification code and the encrypted common key to a reception-side terminal of the at least two terminals,
• wherein the reception-side terminal decrypts the received encrypted common key with the common key (K1) that is held in the reception-side terminal to obtain an identification numerical value (CA1′), decrypts the encrypted identification code with the decrypted identification numerical value (CA1′) to obtain a decrypted identification code (P1′), registers the decrypted identification numerical value (CA1′) and the decrypted identification code (P1′), along with an identification numerical value (CB1) generated on the reception-side terminal, encrypts an identification code (P2) of the reception-side terminal and the common key (K1) held in the reception-side terminal with an identification numerical value (CB1) generated on the reception-side terminal, and sends the encrypted identification code and the encrypted common key to the transmission-side terminal,
• wherein the transmission-side terminal decrypts the received encrypted common key with the common key (K1) that is held in the transmission-side terminal to obtain an identification numerical value (CB1′), decrypts the encrypted identification code (P2) with the decrypted identification numerical value (CB1′) to obtain a decrypted identification code (P2′), and registers the decrypted identification numerical value (CB1′) and the decrypted identification code (P2′), along with the identification numerical value (CA1) generated on the transmission-side terminal,
• wherein the transmission-side terminal encrypts the registered identification code (P2′) and the registered identification numerical value (CB1′) with an identification numerical value (CA2), which is newly generated on the transmission-side terminal, as an encryption key, and sends the encrypted registered identification code and the encrypted registered identification numerical value to the reception-side terminal,
• wherein the reception-side terminal decrypts the received encrypted identification numerical value with the identification numerical value (CB1) generated on the reception-side terminal to obtain an identification numerical value (CA2′), decrypts the encrypted identification code with the decrypted identification numerical value (CA2′) to obtain a decrypted identification code (P2″), checks the obtained identification code (P2″) against the identification code (P2) of the reception-side terminal, authenticates the transmission-side terminal as genuine when the two identification codes are confirmed to be a match, updates the identification numerical value (CA1′), which is the decrypted encryption key registered in association with the registered identification code (P1′), to the decrypted identification numerical value (CA2′),
• wherein the reception-side terminal similarly encrypts the registered identification code (P1′) and the registered identification numerical value (CA1′) with an identification numerical value (CB2), which is newly generated on the reception-side terminal, as an encryption key, and sends the encrypted registered identification code and the encrypted registered identification numerical value to the transmission-side terminal,
• wherein the transmission-side terminal decrypts the received encrypted identification numerical value with the identification numerical value (CA1) generated on the transmission-side terminal to obtain an identification numerical value (CB2′), decrypts the encrypted identification code with the decrypted identification numerical value (CB2′) to obtain a decrypted identification code (P1″), checks the obtained identification code (P1″) against the identification code (P1) of the transmission-side terminal, authenticates the reception-side terminal as genuine when the two identification codes are confirmed to be a match, and performs encryption key exchange by updating the identification numerical value (CB1′), which is a decrypted encryption key registered in association with the registered identification code (P2′), to the decrypted identification numerical value (CB2′),
• wherein, in next and subsequent sessions, identification numerical values newly generated on the transmission-side terminal and the reception-side terminal are used, in place of the common key (K1), to encrypt the identification numerical value (CB2′, . . . ), which is the updated transmission-side encryption key, the identification numerical value (CA2′, . . . ), which is the updated reception-side encryption key, the identification code (P2) of the reception-side terminal, which is registered on the transmission-side terminal, and the identification code (P1) of the transmission-side terminal, which is registered on the reception-side terminal, and each of the transmission-side terminal and the reception-side terminal sends the encrypted identification numerical value and the encrypted identification code to another of the transmission-side terminal and the reception-side terminal, which is then followed by encryption key exchange performed in the same manner as in the initial session,
• wherein the pulse generation device includes:
• an emitter, which includes a radioisotope containing a number of atoms greater than a total number of identification targets;
• and
• a detector, which is configured to detect an α particle, a β ray, and/or a γ ray thereinafter referred to as “α particle and others”) emitted from the emitter due to spontaneous decay of an atomic nucleus to generate electric pulses,
• wherein the memory is configured to store a number of electric pulses obtained by measuring, in advance, for a given period of time, the electric pulses that are generated in the pulse generation device (hereinafter referred to as “initial pulse count”), a date of the measurement, and an identification numerical value obtained by digitizing a pulse interval between the electric pulses (hereinafter referred to as “initial identification numerical value”), and
• wherein a plurality of identification numerical values that are obtained through A/D conversion of wave height values of the electric pulses generated by the pulse generation device, and a plurality of identification numerical values that are obtained by digitizing the pulse interval between the electric pulses, are combined to form a matrix of identification numerical values, whereby each of the identification numerical values in the matrix is a combination of one of the former type of identification numerical values and one of the latter type of identification numerical values joined to each other, or added to each other, or multiplied by each other, or calculated by XOR operation after conversion into a binary number.

A system, comprising at least two terminals between which digital data is transmitted and received by wireless communication or wired communication,

• wherein at least a transmission-side terminal of the at least two terminals includes a pulse generation device and a memory, and an initial pulse count of the apparatus, a date of initial measurement, and an initial identification numerical value are registered in advance on the transmission side,
• wherein the transmission-side terminal calculates a hash value of digital data by a hash function, encrypts the hash value with the initial identification numerical value, and sends the encrypted hash value and the digital data in a plain text format, or the encrypted hash value and the digital data encrypted with the initial identification numerical value, to a reception-side terminal of the at least two terminals,
• wherein the reception-side terminal decrypts the sent encrypted hash value with the initial identification numerical value that is registered in the reception-side terminal, performs hash calculation, by using the same hash function that is used on the transmission side, on the sent digital data, or on digital data that is obtained by decrypting the encrypted digital data with the initial identification signal, to calculate a hash value of the digital data, and determines whether the digital data is tampered data by comparing the calculated hash value to the decrypted hash
• wherein the pulse generation device includes:
• an emitter, which includes a radioisotope containing a number of atoms greater than a total number of identification targets;
• and
• a detector, which is configured to detect an α particle, a β ray, and/or a γ ray thereinafter referred to as “α particle and others”) emitted from the emitter due to spontaneous decay of an atomic nucleus to generate electric pulses,
• wherein the memory is configured to store a number of electric pulses obtained by measuring, in advance, for a given period of time, the electric pulses that are generated in the pulse generation device (hereinafter referred to as “initial pulse count”), a date of the measurement, and an identification numerical value obtained by digitizing a pulse interval between the electric pulses (hereinafter referred to as “initial identification numerical value”), and
• wherein a plurality of identification numerical values that are obtained through A/D conversion of wave height values of the electric pulses generated by the pulse generation device, and a plurality of identification numerical values that are obtained by digitizing the pulse interval between the electric pulses, are combined to form a matrix of identification numerical values, whereby each of the identification numerical values in the matrix is a combination of one of the former type of identification numerical values and one of the latter type of identification numerical values joined to each other, or added to each other, or multiplied by each other, or calculated by XOR operation after conversion into a binary number.