All-inorganic solvents for electrolytes
AssigneeNew Dominion Enterprises Inc.
InventorMason K. Harrup
Life of this patent
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Abstract
An all-inorganic electrolyte formulation for use in a lithium ion battery system comprising at least one of each a phosphoranimine, a phosphazene, a monomeric organophosphate and a supporting lithium salt. The electrolyte preferably has a melting point below 0° C., and a vapor pressure of combustible components at 60.6° C. sufficiently low to not produce a combustible mixture in air, e.g., less than 40 mmHg at 30° C. The phosphoranimine, phosphazene, and monomeric phosphorus compound preferably do not have any direct halogen-phosphorus bonds. A solid electrolyte interface layer formed by the electrolyte with an electrode is preferably thermally stable ≥80° C.
Claims29
An electrolyte for use in a lithium battery, comprising:
- lithium ions in an amount of at least 0.1 M;
- at least one cyclic phosphazene;
- at least one phosphoranimine;
- and
- at least one monomeric phosphorus compound;
- wherein the electrolyte:
- is a liquid at ≤0° C.;
- has a viscosity of ≤30 cp at 35° C.;
- and
- has a concentration volatile flammable components formed in an air headspace at 30° C. which is non-flammable.
An electrolyte for use in a lithium battery, which is liquid at 0° C., comprising:
- a supporting lithium salt;
- and a solvent comprising:
- cyclic phosphazenes in an amount of at least 0.1% and less than 70% by volume;
- phosphoranimines in an amount of at least 20% and less than 89.9% by volume;
- and
- monomeric phosphorus compounds in an amount of at least 10% and less that 79.1% by volume;
- having a vapor pressure of less than 40 mmHg at 30° C.
An electrolyte formulation, comprising:
- a lithium salt in an amount sufficient to provide at least 0.1 M lithium ions;
- a phosphoranimine in an amount of at least 20% and less than or equal to 89.9% by volume;
- a cyclic phosphazene in an amount of at least 0.1% and less than or equal to 70% by volume;
- and
- a monomeric phosphorus compound in an amount of at least 10% and less than or equal to 79.9% by volume;
- the formulation having:
- a viscosity of ≤30 cp at 35° C., a melting point below 0° C., and a vapor pressure of ≤40 mmHg at 30° C., wherein none of the phosphoranimine, cyclic phosphazene, and monomeric phosphorus compound has any direct halogen-phosphorus bonds.
Dependencies are inferred from the claim text.