Electrode, secondary battery, battery pack, and vehicle

An electrode comprising:

• an active material-containing layer comprising an active material, aluminum and nitrogen, the active material comprising a titanium-containing oxide, and a content ratio of the aluminum to the active material in the active material-containing layer being 0.025% by weight to 0.3% by weight;
• and
• a film present on at least a part of a surface of the active material-containing layer, the film comprising fluorine, an organic atom, and a metal ion, the fluorine comprising fluorine bonded to the organic atom and comprising fluorine bonded to the metal ion, and the film satisfying a relationship of Formula (1) below, where F1 is a proportion of the fluorine bonded to the organic atom and F2 is a proportion of the fluorine bonded to the metal ion:
• 0.1≤F2/F1≤0.6 (1).