Devices for through-flow of fluids comprising graded porous structures

A device for through-flow of a fluid, the device comprising:

• a vessel, comprising a wall, a fluid inlet, and a fluid outlet, wherein the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet define an overall flow direction, and
• a porous structure having interconnected pores arranged in the vessel between the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet, wherein the porous structure is coupled to the wall to provide for heat conduction between the porous structure and the wall, and wherein the porous structure comprises a porosity gradient along a first direction which is cross to the overall flow direction,
• wherein the porosity gradient develops along the first direction between a first porosity at a first location proximal to the wall and a second porosity larger than the first porosity at a second location remote from the wall relative to the first location, a difference between the second porosity and the first porosity being at least 4%.